Sentinel Node Mapping in Ovarian Tumors: A Study Using Lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT

Table 2

The published studies on ovarian sentinel node mapping.

First author/year	Study population/number of patients	Mapping material	Site of injection	Wait time after injection	SLNs location	Detection rate/false negative rate
Vanneuville/1991 [15]	Ablation of benign ovarian cyst or for tubal ligation/14	Tc-99m + rhenium sulfide colloid	Mesovarium (of normal ovaries)	4–6 hr scintigraphy	Aortic only 33%/both aortic and pelvic 67%	85.7%/NA
Negishi/2004 [16]	Ten endometrial cancer, one fallopian tube tumor/11	CH40 (charcoal solution)	Ovarian cortex	10 min	Aortic only 64%/ both aortic and pelvic 36%	100%/NA
Kleppe/2014 [17]	Patients with a pelvic mass suggestive of a malignant ovarian tumor/21	Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye	Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament	Minimum 15 min	Aortic only 67%/ pelvic only 9.5%/ both aortic and pelvic 24%	100%/0%
Hassanzadeh/2016 [11]	Patients with ovarian mass (cancer = 13,benign = 1, borderline = 21 patients)/35	Tc-99m-Phytate + blue dye (in only four patients)	10: normal ovarian cortex 25: proper ovarian and suspensory ligament	10 min	Aortic only 84%/ pelvic only 8%/ both aortic and pelvic 8%	Cortex injection: 40%/0% ligaments injection: 84%/0%; radiotracer 71.4%/0%
Angelucci/2016 [18]	Early ovarian carcinoma/5	ICG	Hilum of the ovary	2 min	Aortic only 40%/ pelvic only 20%/ both aortic and pelvic 40%	100%/NA
Buda/2017 [19]	Suspicion of malignant ovarian tumor (7 patients) + cervical carcinoma (3 patients)/10	ICG	Dorsal and ventral side of the proper ovarian and suspensory ligament	Real time	Aortic only 67%/pelvic only 11%/both aortic and pelvic 22%	90%/NA
Speth/2017 [20]	Three endometrial cancer G3/3	Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye	Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament	15 min	Aortic only 67%/pelvic only 33%	100%/NA
Nyberg/2017 [21]	Ovarian mass (cancer = 5, benign = 11, borderline = 4 patients)/20	Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye	Mesovarium	10–20 min	Aortic only 60%/pelvic only 10%/both aortic and pelvic 30%	100%/0%
Lago/2019 [12]	Early ovarian cancer/10	Tc-99m—albumin colloid +IGC	Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament stumps	15–30 min	NA	Tc-99m:100%; (IGC: 90%)/50%
Uccella/2019 [13]	Early ovarian cancer/31	ICG	Dorsal and ventral side of the proper ovarian and suspensory ligament	5–20 min	Aortic only 62%/ pelvic only 19%/both aortic and pelvic 19%	67.7%/0%
Lago/2020 [22]	Early ovarian cancer/20	Tc-99m—albumin colloid + IGC	Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament stumps	15–30 min	Aortic only 5%/ both aortic and pelvic 95%	Tc-99m:100%/NA; IGC: 95%/NA
Laven/2020 [23]	Pelvic mass suspicious for malignancy (8 patients) or with a history of prior resection of a malignant ovarian mass (3 patients)/11	Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye	Dorsal and ventral sides of the remains of the proper ovarian and suspensory ligaments	At least 15 min	Aortic only 18%/ both aortic and pelvic 9%	Tc-99m: 27%/NA; blue dye: 0%/NA
The current study	Suspicion of malignant ovarian tumor/30	Tc-99m-phytate	Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament	15–20 min	Aortic only 20%/pelvic only 23%/both aortic and pelvic 47%	90%/NA

Eight patients were considered in this study. Of these, five cases with an ovarian tumor were published elsewhere [20]. As such, these five patients were excluded from the study in question. ICG, indocyanine green; Tc-99m, technetium 99; NA, not available; SPECT/CT, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography.