Spatiotemporal Patterns Formed by a Discrete Nutrient-Phytoplankton Model with Time Delay

Figure 2

(a) Parameter space graph of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation with and ; (b) bifurcation diagram of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation with and phytoplankton; (c–e) phase portraits of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation with parameters (c) , ; (d) , ; (e) , . Other parameter values: , , , , , , and . Asymptotically stable fixed point .

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(b)

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(e)