Assessment of Antioxidant Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Oral Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

The levels of antioxidant SOD activities or concentrations in various samples between the normal control group and patients with OSCC.

Author		OSCC group		Control group		Measurement	Method of assessment	Stat sig
Study	Sample type	Sample size	Mean ± SD	Sample size	Mean ± SD	Unit	Study	P-value
Nagini et al. [16]	Ti	24	13.18 ± 3.97	24	16.65 ± 3.36	U^a/mg pr	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.001
Sabitha et al. [17]	Er	12	4.8	12	6.3	—	Misra and Fridovich (50% reduction at auto-oxidation) [56]	<0.01
Subapriya et al. [18]	Er	24	1.35 ± 0.13	24	2.49 ± 0.2	U^a/mg Hb	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.05
	Ti	24	14.55 ± 1.35	24	—	U^a/mg pr	—	—
Subapriya et al. [19]	Er	6	1.53 ± 0.22	12	3.63 ± 0.35	U^a/mg Hb	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.05
Beevi et al. [20]	Er	15	10.07 ± 2.93	15	21.35 ± 2.80	U^b /100 mg pr	Misra and Fridovich [56]	<0.001
Manoharan et al. [21]	Er	48	1.91 ± 0.1	16	2.29 ± 0.17	U^a/mg Hb	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.01
	Pl	48	3.27 ± 0.35	16	4.19 ± 0.31	U^a/ml
Khanna et al. [22]	Se	20	0.06 ± 0.12	20	0.43 ± 0.95	U/mg pr	Marklund and Marklund [57]	<0.001
Fiaschi et al. [23]	Er	18	2.86 ± 0.928	20	3.55 ± 0.422	U/mg Hb	Paoletti et al. [58]	<0.05
							Inhibition of superoxide-induced NADH oxidation
	Ti	18	8.55 ± 1.203	20	19.37 ± 3.092	U/mg pr		<0.001
Elango et al. [24]	Er	63	3.75 ± 0.41	45	5.94 ± 0.63	U/min/mg pr	Marklund and Marklund [57]	<0.001
Rasheed et al. [25]	Er	24	7.25 ± 2.05	24	14.59 ± 1.43	U^a/100 mg pr	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.001
Patel et al. [26]	Er	126	2.023 ± 0.150	30	2.4709 ± 0.12	U/mg Hb	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.05
Raghavendra et al. [27]	Er	25	5.911 ± 1.419	25	8.145 ± 1.122	U/mg Hb	Beauchamp and Fridovich [59]	<0.001
Gokul et al. [28]	Er	18	0.039 ± 0.010	25	0.0335 ± 0.01	U^c/mg Hb	Marklund and Marklund [57]	0.053
	Ti	18	2.45 ± 1.21	18	4.15 ± 2.31	U^c/mg pr		<0.01
Giebułtowicz et al. [29]	Sa	10	0.94 ± 0.99	30	0.6 ± 0.4	U/mg pr	Beauchamp and Fridovich [59]; Based on Formation of diformazan	0.0435
	Sa	10	0.57 ± 0.07	30	0.53 ± 0.06	U/ml	—	—
Srivastava et al. [30]	Er	20	1.45 ± 0.112	20	2.280 ± 0.301	U^a/gHb	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.001
Gurudath et al. [31]	Cytosol &hemolysate	25	49.75 ± 7.88	25	178.4 ± 10.33	U/ml	Ransel kit (Inhibition of superoxide-induced NADH oxidation)	<0.001
Shilpasree et al. [32]	Er	30	1.57 ± 0.14	30	2.91 ± 0.35	U/mn/mg pr	Nandi et al. [60]; (Inhibition of the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol)	<0.0001
Shetty et al. [33]	Sa	25	0.34	25	0.95	U/mg pr	Beauchamp and Fridovich [59]	<0.001
Bagul et al. [34]	Se	25	3.92 ± 1.75	25	3.11 ± 1.95	U^d/ml	Marklund and Marklund [57]	0.026
Rasool et al. [35]	Er	30	0.15 ± 0.1	10	0.92 ± 1.79	ng/ml	Spectrophotometry	0.21
	Sa	30	0.61 ± 0.25	10	1.16 ± 0.1	ng/ml		<0.001
Huo et al. [36]	Er	25	0.035	25	0.028	U/mg Hb	Marklund and Marklund [57]	<0.05
	Ti	15	2	15	5	U/mg pr		<0.01
Shetty et al. [37]	Se	50	2.09 ± 0.16	65	4.34 ± 0.06	U/mg of Hb	NBT	<0.001
	Sa	50	0.07 ± 0.01	35	0.17 ± 0.03	U/mg pr
Manasavena et al. [38]	Pl	20	34.54	20	190.4	µg/dl	Sun et al. [61] (Inhibition of a superoxide-induced NADH oxidation)	—
Singh et al. [39]	Sa	50	0.027 ± 0.029	50	0.9911 ± 1.21	U/mg	Beauchamp and Fridovich [59] & Almadori et al. [62]	<0.01
Ganjre et al. [40]	Se	30	2.3243 ± 0.99	30	4.252 ± 1.949	U^d/ml	Marklund and Marklund [57]	<0.05
Rai et al. [41]	Pl	20	58.82 ± 3.135	20	189.45 ± 14.2	—	Marklund and Marklund [57]	<0.001
Thomas et al. [42]	Pl	20	10.4 ± 2.4	20	18.28 ± 1.3	U^a/ml	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.05
Shankarram et al. [43]	Sa	25	4.17 ± 0.252	25	3.21 ± 0.2	U/ml	ELISA kit (Cayman)	—
Misra et al. [44]	Se	20	52.63 ± 4.02	20	189.45 ± 14.2	—	Marklund and Marklund [57]	<0.001
Nyamathi et al. [45]	Plasma hemolyse	10	47.55 ± 10.32	10	194.35 ± 14.3	U/ml	Suttle et al. [63] Ransel antioxidant enzyme kit	<0.001
Srivastava et al. [46]	Ti	20	14.28 ± 0.67	20	18.54 ± 0.54	U^a/g Hb	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.001
Banerjee et al. [47]	Mi	30	45.14 ± 0.88	20	98.5 ± 0.87	—	Image J—Western blot films	—
Khan et al. [48]	Se	50	0.13 ± 0.008	20	0.47 ± 0.001	ng/ml	Kakkar et al. [55]	<0.05
Sadaksharam [49]	Se	29	196.9 ± 6.215	29	226.57 ± 6.74	U/ml	Enzychrom™ assay kit	<0.001
Subash et al. [50]	Pl	35	710.2 ± 78.2	30	958.8 ± 159.9	U/g Hb	Winterbourn et al. [64]	<0.05
Basu et al. [51]	Ly	30	29.27 ± 5.31	50	15.36 ± 2.43	U/mg of pr	Misra and Fridovich [56]	<0.001
Babiuch et al. [52]	Sa	20	7.07 ± 5.3	20	2.36 ± 2.42	U^b/ml	Misra and Fridovich [56]	0.002
Shahi et al. [53]	Er	25	4.6 ± 2.2	45	10.8 ± 7.4	U^a /min/10^7 cells	Choi et al. [65]	<0.02
Sushma et al. [54]	Se	100	1.49 ± 0.49	102	4.37 ± 1.43	U^c/100 mg pr	Marklund and Marklund [57]	<0.005

OSCC-oral squamous cell carcinoma, SD-standard deviation, Ti-tissue, Mi-mitochondria, Pl-plasma, Se-serum, Er-erythrocyte, Ly-lympholysate, Sa-saliva, Stat Sig-statistical significance, NBT-nitroblue tetrazolium, VDAC1 - voltage-dependent anion channel 1, and pr-protein. ^aThe amount of enzyme required for 50% inhibition of the formation of NADH-phenazine methosulfate NBT formazan at 520 nm. ^bThe amount of enzyme necessary to inhibit 50% epinephrine autoxidation. ^cThe amount of enzyme necessary to cause 50% inhibition of pyrogallol autoxidation. ^dThe amount of enzyme necessary to cause 50% inhibition of pyrogallol autoxidation per 30 ml of the assay mixture.