COVID-19 Information on YouTube: Analysis of Quality and Reliability of Videos in Eleven Widely Spoken Languages across Africa

Table 5

DISCERN score by language, content, and source.

	DISCERN item 1 score mean ± SD	DISCERN item 2 score mean ± SD	DISCERN item 3 score mean ± SD	DISCERN item 4 score mean ± SD	DISCERN item 5 score mean ± SD	Total DISCERN score mean ± SD
Overall	0.97 ± 0.18	0.52 ± 0.50	0.91 ± 0.28	0.36 ± 0.48	0.25 ± 0.44	3.01 ± 1.11
Languages	<0.01	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
English (n = 75)	1 ± 0	0.75 ± 0.44	0.99 ± 0.12	0.69 ± 0.46	0.44 ± 0.5	3.87 ± 0.91
isiZulu (n = 54)	0.91 ± 0.29	0.59 ± 0.5	0.78 ± 0.42	0.26 ± 0.44	0.13 ± 0.34	2.67 ± 1.37
isiXhosa (n = 49)	0.94 ± 0.24	0.53 ± 0.5	1 ± 0	0.18 ± 0.39	0.08 ± 0.28	2.73 ± 0.88
Afrikaans (n = 50)	0.9 ± 0.3	0.36 ± 0.48	0.8 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.3	0.08 ± 0.27	2.24 ± 1.06
Nigerian pidgin (n = 53)	1 ± 0	0.21 ± 0.41	0.98 ± 0.14	0.32 ± 0.47	0.17 ± 0.38	2.68 ± 0.85
Hausa (n = 40)	0.92 ± 0.27	0.82 ± 0.38	0.55 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.5	0.55 ± 0.5	3.45 ± 0.99
Twi (n = 45)	1 ± 0	0.33 ± 0.48	0.98 ± 0.15	0.22 ± 0.42	0.16 ± 0.37	2.69 ± 0.95
Arabic (n = 50)	0.98 ± 0.14	0.64 ± 0.48	0.96 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.46	0.36 ± 0.48	3.24 ± 0.94
French (n = 46)	0.98 ± 0.15	0.83 ± 0.38	0.96 ± 0.21	0.3 ± 0.47	0.26 ± 0.44	3.33 ± 0.87
Swahili (n = 50)	1 ± 0	0.26 ± 0.44	0.94 ± 0.24	0.48 ± 0.5	0.26 ± 0.44	2.94 ± 1
Amharic (n = 50)	1 ± 0	0.32 ± 0.47	1 ± 0	0.42 ± 0.5	0.28 ± 0.45	3.02 ± 1.24
Content	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.48	0.10
Informative (n = 471)	0.98 ± 0.14	0.53 ± 0.5	0.93 ± 0.26	0.37 ± 0.48	0.24 ± 0.42	3.03 ± 1.06
Misleading (n = 12)	0.75 ± 0.45	0.25 ± 0.45	0.58 ± 0.51	0.17 ± 0.39	0.25 ± 0.45	2 ± 1.35
News update (n = 59)	0.97 ± 0.18	0.61 ± 0.49	0.98 ± 0.13	0.41 ± 0.5	0.37 ± 0.49	3.34 ± 1.01
Personal experience (n = 20)	0.85 ± 0.37	0.1 ± 0.31	0.55 ± 0.51	0.35 ± 0.49	0.35 ± 0.49	2.2 ± 1.58
Source	0.02	<0.001	<0.001	0.25	<0.001
Independent users (n = 246)	0.94 ± 0.23	0.37 ± 0.48	0.85 ± 0.35	0.32 ± 0.47	0.24 ± 0.43	2.73 ± 1.18
Government (n = 84)	1 ± 0	0.52 ± 0.5	1 ± 0	0.42 ± 0.5	0.11 ± 0.31	3.05 ± 0.97
News agency (n = 118)	0.97 ± 0.18	0.56 ± 0.5	0.91 ± 0.29	0.38 ± 0.49	0.41 ± 0.49	3.22 ± 1.1
Academic institutions/hospitals (n = 93)	1 ± 0	0.83 ± 0.38	0.97 ± 0.18	0.43 ± 0.5	0.24 ± 0.43	3.46 ± 0.88
Medical adverts/for-profit companies (n = 21)	1 ± 0	0.57 ± 0.51	1 ± 0	0.29 ± 0.46	0.19 ± 0.4	3.05 ± 0.92