Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics

Research Article

Developing Clinical Phenotype Data Collection Standards for Research in Africa

Table 1

Overview of structure of data collection toolkits developed by H3Africa.


Toolkit	Protocols

Core phenotypes	Demographics⁺	Smoking exposure^±	Drug use^#	Dyslipidemia^#	CVD^∗ Core^#
	Anthropometrics⁺	Smoking status^#	Medication log⁺	Cancer core⁺	HIV core^#
	Blood pressure^#	Alcohol exposure⁻	Diabetes history⁺	Kidney disease core^#	Infectious disease core⁺
	Urine results^#	Alcohol use^#	Asthma⁻	Stroke history core^#

Environmental factors	Household characteristics⁺	Sanitation⁺	Occupational exposures^#	Personal care products^#
Environmental factors	Water resource⁺	Occupational history^#	Air contaminants^#

Lifestyle factors	Physical activity^#	Dietary supplements^#	Diet⁺	Caffeine intake^#	Sleep habits^#

General medical history	Vaccinations^#	Current pregnancy status^±	Last pregnancy outcome^±
General medical history	Allergies⁺	Pregnancy history^±	Medical history^±

Family history	Family composition^±	Family history^±	Family history of traumatic life events^±

Cardiovascular disease	Angina^#	Congestive heart failure^#	Cardiac blood flow measurements^±
Cardiovascular disease	Heart attack^#	Thyroid disease^#	Cardiovascular disease blood biomarkers^±

Stroke	Stroke characterisation^±	Prestroke risk reduction strategies^±	Poststroke risk reduction strategies^±

Cancer	Cancer prognosis and treatment⁺	Cancer screenings^#	Cancer family history^±

Kidney disease	Kidney treatment status^#	Kidney function assay^#	Complete blood cell count

Rare and developmental disorders	Biological parents and grandparents^±	Developmental milestones^±	Developmental disorders^±	Rare disorders^±
Rare and developmental disorders	Birth history^±	Neurodevelopmental assessment^±	Epilepsy screener^#

Infectious diseases	Malaria exposure and treatment^±	Trypanosomiasis signs and symptoms⁺	TB signs and symptoms^±	HIV treatment^±	Liver function assay^#
	Malaria testing^#	TB history⁺	Sexual behaviour^#	CD4 count and percentage^#	HIV signs and symptoms⁺
	Malaria signs and symptoms⁺	TB testing^#	HIV exposure^±	Quantitative viral load^#	STDs^±
	Trypanosomiasis testing^#	Current TB⁺	HIV detection test^#	Complete blood cell count^#	STD signs and symptoms⁺

CVD: cardiovascular disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; TB: tuberculosis; STD: sexually transmitted disease; ⁺adapted protocols; ^±novel protocols; ^#existing protocols.