The Influence of ACE Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphism on the Risk of IgA Nephropathy: A Debatable Topic

Table 1

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.

Trials	Design	Country; ethnicity	Year	Sex (M/F)	Case	Control	Case			Control			HWE (p)
							DD	ID	II	DD	ID	II
Harden, 1995	Case control	UK; European	NR	NR	`100	98	40	41	19	39	42	17	0.3351
Huang, 2010	Case control	China; Asian	NR	NR	130	120	19	67	44	10	52	58	0.7280
Hunley, 1996	Case control	USA; American	6–83	43/21	40^#	24^∗	8	24	8	1	14	9	0.1258
Lau, 2002	Case control	Singapore; Asian	NR	45/55	100	90	8	43	49	8	40	42	0.7265
Lau, 2004	Case control	China; Asian	P: 43 ± 10; C: 48 ± 14	P: 56/62; C: 42/52	118	94	17	48	53	4	43	47	0.1280
Frimat, 2000	Case control	France; European	NR	NR	274	960	89	132	53	288	470	202	0.6891
Maruyama, 2001	Case control	Japan; Asian	P: 10.6 ± 2.9; C :  NR	P: 56/39; C : NR	95	99	15	42	38	10	33	56	0.1362
Pawlik, 2014	Case control	Poznan; European	P : NR; C: 38.1 ± 12.8	P : NR; C: 105/82	31	187	10	17	4	47	100	40	0.3315
Pei, 1997	Case control	Canada; American	NR	NR	168	100	55	81	32	30	49	21	0.9045
Rodríguez-Pérez, 2009	Case control	Spain; Europen	P: 33–46; C: 29–46	P: 10/3; C: 42/9	13	51	7	4	2	21	24	6	0.8287
Santos, 2002	Case control	USA; American	NR	NR	79	53	17	45	17	13	32	8	0.1119
Schmidt, 1995	Case control	Germany, Australia, Italy; mixed	NR	P: 153/51; C : NR	204	234	79	81	44	77	117	40	0.6949
Stratta, 1999	Case control	Italy; European	NR	P: 67/14; C: 25/25	81	50	35 20^#	30 16^#	16 5^#	21 9^∗	20 13^∗	9 8^∗	0.2853 0.4684
Suzuki, 2000	Case control	Japan; Asian	P: 39.2 ± 12.3; C: 34.9 ± 13.5	P: 49/34; C: 117/133	83^#	250^∗	13^#	31^#	39^#	35^∗	107^∗	108^∗	0.3100
Syrjänen, 2000	Case control	Finland; European	NR	NR	26^#	142^∗	9^#	16^#	1^#	45^∗	67^∗	30^∗	0.5861
Tanaka, 1998	Case control	Japan; Asian	NR	NR	97	71	15	48	34	9	35	27	0.6513
Woo, 2004	Case control	Singapore; Asian	P: 43 ± 10; C: 48 ± 14	P: 56/62; C: 42/52	118	94	17	48	53	4	43	47	0.1280
Yoshida, 1995	Case control	Japan; Asian	P: 38.2 ± 2.1; C: 35.8 ± 1.8	P: 34/19; C: 24/22	53	46	16 12^#	17 8^#	20 8^#	3 4^∗	24 9^∗	19 12^∗	0.2045 0.3225
Hu, 1997	Case control	China; Asian	36.5 ± 7.5	55/27	51^#	31^∗	14^#	26^#	11^#	8^∗	13^∗	10^∗	0.3797
Li, 2007	Case control	China; Asian	P: 34.8 ± 15.8; C: 33.1 ± 13.9	P: 30/34; C: 26/54	64	80	8	32	24	6	42	32	0.1196
Liao, 2003	Case control	China; Asian	P: 17–68; C: 19–65	P: 60/35; C: 58/47	95	105	27	35	33	21	42	42	0.0877
Liu, 2005	Case control	China; Asian	P: 29.7 ± 10.7; C: NR	P: 98/48; C : NR	146	146	18	78	50	9	86	51	0.0006
Liu, 1997	Case control	China; Asian	P: 9–42; C: 18–55	P: 106/71; C: 54/96	177	150	31	81	65	9	59	82	0.7059
Song, 2017	Case control	China; Asian	P: 42.9 ± 12.3; C: 43.7 ± 13.5	P: 23/22; C: 27/18	45	45	9	18	18	15	18	12	0.1876
Xu, 2001	Case control	China; Asian	P: 11–56; C: 20–68	P: 63/47; C: 73/43	110	116	25	39	46	24	40	52	0.0039
You, 2013	Case control	China; Asian	P: 33.6 ± 12.5; C: 31.5 ± 10.8	P: 36/32; C: 34/36	68	70	26	30	12	13	39	18	0.3154
Zheng, 1999	Case control	China; Asian	P: 29.8; C: 33.1	P: 44/28; C: 16/70	72	86	9	36	27	8	44	34	0.2419

Note. P: IgA nephropathy subjects; C: control subjects; HB, hospital based; PB: population based; NR: not reported; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism. ^#Progression of IgAN; ^∗nonprogression of IgAN.