An Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Based on Nomogram for Predicting Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Incidence

Figure 4

Generation of a bone metastasis-related ceRNA network. (a-c) Differentially expressed lncRNAs (a), miRNAs (b), and mRNAs (c) identified when comparing the LRBM and HRBM cohorts. The top 10 upregulated and downregulated genes are shown for each category, with horizontal lines corresponding to an adjusted P value of 0.05. (a, c) Vertical lines correspond to a log2 (fold change) at −1 and 1. (b) Vertical lines correspond to a log2 (fold change) at −0.58 and 0.58. (d) A ceRNA network was generated in which lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were represented by hexagons, rhombuses, and ovals, respectively. (e) Enriched GO terms associated with mRNAs differentially expressed between the LRBM and HRBM cohorts, with the top 10 terms in each of three categories being shown. BP: biological processes. CC: cell component. MF: molecular function. (f) KEGG enrichment analyses for mRNAs differentially expressed in the HRBM and LRBM cohorts. The brown module was composed of five genes that were upregulated in HRBM patient samples, among which COL10A1 was the hub gene (Figure 5(h)). These five genes were enriched for GO terms including extracellular matrix structural constituent, extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength, heparin binding, glycosaminoglycan binding, and sulfur compound binding (Figure 5(i)), as well as the protein digestion and absorption of KEGG pathway (Figure 5(j)). In the brown module PPI network, COL11A1 and COL10A1 were predicted to interact (Figure S2(e)).

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