Melatonin: Bone Metabolism in Oral Cavity

Table 2

Regulatory factors of bone modeling.

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(i) Hormones

 (a) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

 (b) 1, 25 (OH)₂ vitamin D

 (c) Calcitonin

 (d) Glucocorticoids

 (e) Growth hormone

 (f) Sex hormones (estrogens and androgens)

(ii) Local factors (paracrine and autocrine)

 (a) Growth factors and cytokines

(iii) Other molecules

 (a) Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, extracellular ATP, Bradykinin, CGRP

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