Dental Pain in Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Caregivers’ Perspective

Table 3

Comparison of DDQ items between healthy children and children with ID in groups with dental caries.

Items of the DDQ	Frequency	Healthy children 𝑛 (%)	Children with ID 𝑛 (%)	𝑥^2	𝑃 value
Problems with brushing upper teeth	Never	44 (83)	24 (80)	0.35	0.84
	Occasionally	2 (3.8)	2 (6.7)
	Always	7 (13.2)	4 (13.3)
Problems with brushing lower teeth	Never	44 (83)	25 (83.3)	0.28	0.87
	Occasionally	3 (5.7)	1 (3.3)
	Always	6 (11.3)	4 (13.3)
Puts away something nice to eat	Never	42 (79.2)	20 (64.5)	2.42	0.3
	Occasionally	3 (5.7)	4 (12.9)
	Always	8 (15.1)	7 (22.6)
Bites with molar instead of front teeth	Never	47 (88.7)	26 (89.7)	0.57	0.75
	Occasionally	1 (1.9)	0 (0)
	Always	5 (9.4)	3 (10.3)
Chewing at one side	Never	34 (65.4)	26 (89.7)	6.26	0.04^*
	Occasionally	2 (3.8)	1 (3.4)
	Always	16 (30.8)	2 (6.9)
Problems chewing	Never	37 (71.2)	21 (72.4)	0.02	0.99
	Occasionally	2 (3.8)	1 (3.4)
	Always	13 (25)	7 (24.1)
Reaching for the cheek while eating	Never	28 (52.8)	18 (62.1)	0.67	0.71
	Occasionally	4 (7.5)	2 (6.9)
	Always	21 (39.6)	9 (31)
Crying at night	Never	42 (79.2)	22 (71)	1.6	0.45
	Occasionally	3 (5.7)	1 (3.2)
	Always	8 (15.1)	8 (25.8)
Crying during meals	Never	40 (75.5)	23 (76.7)	5.73	0.06
	Occasionally	7 (13.2)	0 (0)
	Always	6 (11.3)	7 (23.3)
Earache at night	Never	51 (96.2)	33 (100)	1.2	0.55
	Occasionally	1 (1.9)	0 (0)
	Always	1 (1.9)	0 (0)
Earache at daytime	Never	52 (98.1)	33 (100)	—	1.00
	Occasionally	1 (1.9)	0 (0)
	Always	0 (0)	0 (0)
Earache during eating	Never	53 (100)	33 (100)	—	—
	Occasionally	0 (0)	0 (0)
	Always	0 (0)	0 (0)
Excessive salivation	Never	52 (98.1)	25 (80.6)	—	0.01^*
	Occasionally	0 (0)	0 (0)
	Always	1 (1.9)	6 (19.4)
Putting hand inside mouth	Never	47 (88.7)	21 (70)	11.45	0.003^*
	Occasionally	6 (11.3)	3 (10)
	Always	0 (0)	6 (20)

^*Statistically significant at α = 0.05.