Self-Reported Halitosis in relation to Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Health Status, General Health Problems, and Multifactorial Characteristics among Workers in Ilala and Temeke Municipals, Tanzania
Table 5
Bivariate analysis: self-reported halitosis in relation to sociodemographic, behavioural, and psychological factors.
Multifactorial characteristics
Whole sample ()
Self-reported halitosis
Chi-square value
value
Yes
No
%
%
%
Sociodemographic factors
Sex: male
222
55.5
114
58.8
108
52.4
1.62
0.203
Age group: 40 years and above
131
32.8
73
37.6
58
28.2
4.07
0.044
Education level: primary or low
151
37.8
92
47.4
59
28.6
14.99
0.000
Marital status: married
280
70.0
144
74.2
136
66.0
3.21
0.073
Rest place: at home
181
45.2
170
87.6
11
5.3
273.1
0.000
Business place: at work
164
41.0
156
80.4
8
3.9
241.9
0.000
Work environment: outdoor
157
39.2
94
48.5
63
30.6
13.38
0.000
Behavioural factors
Coffee: user
303
75.8
143
73.7
160
77.7
0.85
0.356
Tea: user
380
95.0
183
94.3
197
95.6
0.36
0.551
Alcohol: consumption
188
47.0
97
50.0
91
44.2
1.36
0.243
Cigarette: smoker
83
20.8
50
25.8
33
16.0
5.78
0.016
Chewing gum: user
256
64.0
137
70.6
119
57.8
7.16
0.007
Oral health facility: previous attendance
214
53.5
117
60.3
97
47.1
7.02
0.008
Psychological factors
Met someone with halitosis
45
11.2
9
4.6
36
17.5
16.49
0.000
Do not like the job being done
45
11.2
20
10.3
25
12.1
0.33
0.563
Willing to have a dental check-up
43
10.8
15
7.7
28
13.6
3.58
0.059
Each condition presented in this table has basically “Yes and No” alternatives with numerical values corresponding to each individual situation. Only the numerical values corresponding to “Yes” have been presented in this table and the counterpart alternative “No” numerical values have been left out, for example, sex (male: “Yes,” and female: “No”) and therefore numerical values corresponding to female have been left out.
