Association between Chewing Problems and Sleep among Japanese Adults

Table 1

Characteristics of participants according to sleep quality and duration.

Variables	Sleep quality			Sleep duration
	Good (n = 5085)	Poor (n = 940)	value	<6 h/day (n = 1770)	≥6 h/day (n = 4255)	value
Sex^a	2190 (43.1)	375 (39.9)	0.073	815 (46.0)	1750 (41.1)	<0.001
Age^b	51 (45, 57)	52 (46, 57)	0.007	51 (46, 56)	51 (45, 57)	0.215
Self-reported medical history^c	2378 (46.8)	529 (56.3)	<0.001	880 (49.7)	2027 (47.6)	0.149
Self-reported symptoms^c	3750 (73.7)	876 (93.2)	<0.001	1468 (82.9)	3158 (74.7)	<0.001
Chewing problems^c	632 (12.4)	195 (20.7)	<0.001	288 (16.3)	539 (12.7)	<0.001
Regular exercise^c	1051 (20.7)	165 (17.6)	0.030	317 (17.9)	899 (21.1)	0.005
Smoking habit^c	677 (13.3)	122 (13.0)	0.834	233 (13.2)	566 (13.3)	0.901
Alcohol consumption^c	840 (16.5)	159 (16.9)	0.775	260 (14.7)	739 (17.4)	0.011
Overweight^c	1175 (23.1)	246 (26.2)	0.045	486 (27.5)	935 (22.0)	<0.001
Poor glycemic control^c	178 (3.5)	51 (5.4)	0.007	73 (4.1)	156 (3.7)	0.416

^aNumber of females (%); ^byears, median (first and third quartiles); ^cnumber of incidences (%). values were calculated using the chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests.