Systemically healthy; Adolescents with initial oral health scheduled to have fixed orthodontic treatment; PI (S & L)
H2O2 1.5% + 0.05% NaF + toothbrush; Once-a-day (1/2 ounce per one minute) during 18 months; Smokers NR; Mean age:13.2 yrs; Baseline: 9/17; End: 24 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR).
NA
0.05% NaF + toothbrush; Once-a-day (1/2 ounce per one minute) during 18 months; Smokers NR; Mean: 13.5 yrs; Baseline: 11/23; End: 32 individuals in total; (proportion of M/F NR).
Percent of sites with PI (S & L) >1: A:13.15 ± 17.40 B: NA C: 19.05 ± 26.00
(18 months) Percent of sites with PI (S & L) >1: A: 18.50 ± 13.18 B: NA C: 36.79 ± 35.60
PI (S & L) A: 5.35 (40.68%) B: NA C: 17.74 (93.12%#)
When the percentage of sites with plaque index greater than 1 was considered, the group that used H2O2 showed significantly lower percentage when compared to the control group
Systemically healthy; Gingivitis (at least 8 sites with marginal gingival bleeding) PIS (Q & H)
H2O2 1.5% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR); Once-a-day (20 ml for 30 s) during 21 weeks; 2 smokers Mean age: 28.9 yrs Baseline: 9/16 End: 22 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
NA
Water (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR); Once-a-day (20 ml for 30 s) during 21 weeks; No smokers Mean age 27.8 yrs Baseline: 8/17 End: 22 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
A: 2.87 ± 0.38 B: NA C: 2.90 ± 0.25
(6 months) A: 1.72 ± 0.58 B: NA C: 1.74 ± 0.46
A: −1.15 (−40.07%) B: NA C: −1.16 (−40.00%)
No statistically significant difference between groups
Nonhandicapped staff and handicapped patients—both of them were free of systemic diseases Individuals without periodontitis (probing depth <5 mm) PI (L)
H2O2 1.5% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Three times per day (10 ml per 60 s) during 7 days Staff: smokers NR Mean age: 30.34 yrs Baseline: 5/34 End: NR/NR Patients: smokers NR Mean age: 28.65 yrs Baseline: 30/24 End: NR/NR
NA
Placebo mouth rinse (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Three times per day (10 ml per 60 s) during 7 days Staff: smokers NR Mean age: 29.94 yrs Baseline: 5/30 End: NR/NR Patients: smokers NR Mean age: 28.62 yrs Baseline: 25/25 End: NR/NR
Systemically healthy Gingivitis (modified gingival index of 3 and plaque index of 4) PIS (Q & H)
H2O2 3% with distilled water (ratio 1 : 1) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days Smokers NR Mean age: NR Baseline: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR) End: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
CHX 0.2% with distilled water (ratio 1 : 1) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days Smokers NR Mean age: NR Baseline: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR) End: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
NA
A: 3.12 ± 0.44 B: 3.26 ± 0.53 C: NA
(28 days) A: 1.28 ± 0.86 B: 0.82 ± 0.54 C: NA
A: −1.84 (−58.97%#) B: −2.44 (−74.85%#) C: NA
No statistically significant difference between groups
Systemically healthy Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss >4 mm in >30% of the sites) PI (O’L)
H2O2 1.5% + scaling and root planning + mechanical oral hygiene Twice daily (quantity and time not reported) during 10 days No smokers Age range: 30–50 yrs Baseline: 15/0 End: 15/0
CHX 0.2% + scaling and root planing + mechanical oral hygiene Twice daily (quantity and time not reported) during 10 days No smokers Age range: 30−50 yrs Baseline: 15/0 End: 15/0
Scaling and root planing only + mechanical oral hygiene Not applicable No smokers Age range: 30−50 Baseline: 15/0 End: 15/0
A: NR ± NR B: NR ± NR C: NR ± NR
(3 months) A: NR ± NR B: NR ± NR C: NR ± NR
A: NR (NR#) B: NR (NR#) C: NR (NR#)
No statistically significant difference among groups
Systemically healthy; Halitosis (patients with organoleptic score >1, in a scale of 0 to 5); PI (S & L)
H2O2 1.5% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days No smokers Mean age: 24.78 yrs (whole-sample) Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
CHX 2% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days No smokers Mean age: 24.78 yrs (whole-sample) Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
NA
A: 1.82 ± 0.13 B: 1.78 ± 0.22 C: NA
(15 days) A: 1.68 ± 0.12 B: 1.50 ± 0.26 C: NA
A: −0.14 (−7.69%#) B: −0.28 (−15.73%#) C: NA
CHX group showed significantly lower plaque in comparison to H2O2
H2O2 1% Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) during 21 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
CHX 0.12% Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) during 21 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
Flavored alcoholic placebo solution Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
A: 0.00 ± 0.00 B: 0.00 ± 0.00 C: 0.00 ± 0.00
(21 days) A: 1.40 ± NR B: 0.35 ± NR C: 1.56 ± NR
A: 1.40 B: 0.35 C: 1.56
Significantly lower plaque index detected in the CHX group when compared to both groups No statistically significant difference was detected between H2O2 and control groups
Systemically healthy Periodontally healthy (no sites with probing depth >5mm) PIS (Q & H)
H2O2 0.013% + 0.004% glycerol dissolved in demineralized water Twice daily (15–20 ml for 20 s) during 3 days Smokers NR Mean: 24.5 yrs (whole-sample) Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
NA
0.004% glycerol dissolved in demineralized water Twice daily (15–20 ml for 20 s) during 3 days Smokers NR Mean: 24.5 yrs (whole-sample) Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
A: 0.00 ± 0.00 B: NA C: 0.00 ± 0.00
(3 days) A: 2.66 ± 0.29 B: NA C: 2.70 ± 0.32
A: 2.66 B: NA C: 2.70
No statistically significant difference was detected between groups
H2O2 (1.7 g dissolved in 30 ml of tap water) Three times a day (30 ml per 2 minutes) during 14 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 14) End: NR/NR (total n = 14).
NA
Placebo mouthwash Three times a day (30 ml per 2 minutes) during 14 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 14) End: NR/NR (total n = 14).
Percent of sites with score 0 A: 98.90 ± 0.50 B: NA C: 98.70 ± 0.50 Percent of sites with score 1 A: 1.00 ± 0.40 B: NA C: 1.30 ± 0.50 Percent of sites with score 2 A: 0.10 ± 0.10 B: NA C: 0.00 ± 0.00 Percent of sites with score 3 A: 0.00 ± 0.00 B: NA C: 0.00 ± 0.00
(14 days) Percent of sites with score 0 A: 46.40 ± 4.30 B: NA C: 17.20 ± 2.90 Percent of sites with score 1 A: 45.20 ± 3.60 B: NA C: 37.00 ± 4.80 Percent of sites with score 2 A: 8.70 ± 3.60 B: NA C: 44.40 ± 6.20 Percent of sites with score 3 A: 0.00 ± 0.00 B: NA C: 1.40 ± 0.90
Sites with score 0 A: −52.50 (−53.08%) B: NA C: −81.50 (−82.57%) Sites with score 1 A: 44.20 (4420%) B: NA C: 35.70 (2,746%) Sites with score 2 A: 8.6 (8,600%) B: NA C: 44.4 Sites with score 3 A: 0 (0%) B: NA C: 1.40
Significantly higher percentage of score 0 was detected in the H2O2 group in comparison to the control group No statistically significant difference was detected between groups of score 1 Significantly lower percentage of score 2 was detected in the H2O2 group in comparison to the control group Significantly lower percentage of score 2 was detected in the H2O2 group in comparison to the control group
NA: not applicable; NR: not reported; RCT: randomized clinical trial; non-RCT: nonrandomized clinical trial; CHX: chlorhexidine. M: male; F: female. A: H2O2 rinse; B: chlorhexidine rinse; C: control rinse. ∆: delta of mean (final−initial mean); %: percentage of reduction. PI (S & L): plaque index (Silness & Löe, 1964); PIS (Q & H): Quigley–Hein plaque modified by Turesky plaque index; PI (L): plaque index (Löe, 1967); PI (O’L): O’Leary plaque index. Statistically significant differences between groups (H2O2 vs chlorhexidine); statistically significant differences between groups (H2O2 vs control); #statistically significant differences within group (end vs baseline score).
