Systemically healthy Adolescents with initial good oral health scheduled to have fixed orthodontic treatment GI (L & S) and BT (A)
H2O2 1.5% + 0.05% NaF + toothbrush Once a day (1/2 ounce per one minute) during 18 months Smokers NR Mean age:13.2 yrs Baseline: 9/17 End: 24 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
NA
0.05% NaF + toothbrush Once a day (1/2 ounce per one minute) during 18 months Smokers NR Mean: 13.5 yrs Baseline: 11/23 End: 32 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
Percent of sites with GI (L & S) >1 A: 17.41 ± 20.74 B: NA C: 21.61 ± 24.93 Percent of sites with BT(A) >1: A: 17.69 ± 21.77 B: NA C: 22.70 ± 25.24
(18 months) Percent of sites with GI (L & S) >1 A: 27.04 ± 24.69 B: NA C: 53.46 ± 29.38 Percent of sites with BT (A) >1: A: 24.52 ± 25.77 B: NA C: 53.19 ± 30.49
GI (L & S) A: 9.63 (55.31%) B: NA C: 31.85 (147.39%#) BT (A) A: 6.83 (38.61%) B: NA C: 30.49 (134.32%#)
When the percentage of sites with gingival index >1 was considered, the group that used H2O2 showed significantly lower percentage when compared to the placebo group When the percentage of sites with bleeding tendency >1 was considered, the group that used H2O2 showed significantly lower percentage when compared to the placebo group
Systemically healthy Gingivitis (at least 8 sites with marginal gingival bleeding) GI (L & S)
H2O2 1.5% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Once a day (20 ml for 30 s) during 21 weeks 2 smokers Mean age: 28.9 yrs Baseline: 9/16 End: 22 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
NA
Water (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Once a day (20 ml for 30 s) during 21 weeks No smokers Mean age 27.8 yrs Baseline: 8/17 End: 22 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
A: 2.20 ± 0.35 B: NA C: 2.31 ± 0.24
(6 months) A: 1.62 ± 0.61 B: NA C: 1.88 ± 0.50
A: −0.58 (−26.367%) B: NA C: −0.43 (−18.61%)
No statistically significant difference between groups
Nonhandicapped staff and handicapped patients—both of them were free of systemic diseases Individuals without periodontitis (probing depth <5 mm) GI (L & S)
H2O2 1.5% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Three times per day (10 ml per 60 s) during 7 days Staff: Smokers NR Mean age: 30.34 yrs Baseline: 5/34 End: NR/NR Patients: smokers NR Mean age: 28.65 yrs Baseline: 30/24 End: NR/NR
NA
Placebo mouth rinse (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Three times per day (10 ml per 60 s) during 7 days Staff: Smokers NR Mean age: 29.94 yrs Baseline: 5/30 End: NR/NR Patients: Smokers NR Mean age: 28.62 yrs Baseline: 25/25 End: NR/NR
Systemically healthy Gingivitis (gingival index >2.0 and >10% sites with bleeding) In the first 28 days, only the mouth rinses were used EIBI; mGI (G) and BoP
H2O2 1.5% + 0.05 sodium fluoride toothpaste + toothbrush Twice daily (quantity not reported for 30 s) during 6 months 3.9% smokers (N not provided) Mean age: 31.4 yrs Baseline: 19%/51% (N not provided) End: NR/NR
NA
Placebo mouth rinse 0.05 sodium fluoride toothpaste + toothbrush Twice daily (quantity not reported for 30 s) during 6 months 18.8% smokers (N not provided) Mean age: 31.0 yrs Baseline: 45.8%/54.2% (N not provided) End: NR/NR
(6 months) EIBI A: 0.02 ± NR B: NA C: 0.02 ± NR mGI (G) A: 1.63 ± NR B: NA C: 1.83 ± NR BoP A: 0.08 ± NR B: NA C: 0.10 ± NR
EIBI A: −0.03 (−64.34%#) B: NA C: −0.02 (−38.42%#) mGI (G) A: −0.18 (−9.95%#) B: NA C: 0.04 (2.23%) BoP A: −0.02 (−20%) B: NA C: −0.02 (−16.81%)
The decrease in the H2O2 group was significant in comparison to change in the placebo group (P = 0.004) when considering the mGI (G) No other statistically significant difference between groups was observed
Systemically healthy Gingivitis (modified gingival index of 3 and plaque index of 4) mGI (L)
H2O2 3% with distilled water (ratio 1:1) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days Smokers NR Mean age: NR Baseline: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR) End: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
CHX 0.2% with distilled water (ratio 1:1) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days Smokers NR Mean age: NR Baseline: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR) End: 10 individuals in total (proportion of M/F NR)
NA
A: 2.92 ± 0.31 B: 3.04 ± 0.23 C: NA
(28 days) A: 0.86 ± 0.11 B: 0.54 ± 0.35 C: NA
A: −2.06 (−70.55%#) B: −2.50 (−82.24%#) C: NA
No statistically significant difference between groups
Systemically healthy Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss >4 mm in >30% of the sites) GI (L & S)
H2O2 1.5% + scaling and root planing + mechanical oral hygiene Twice daily (quantity and time not reported) during 10 days No smokers Age range: 30–50 yrs Baseline: 15/0 End: 15/0
CHX 0.2% + scaling and root planing + mechanical oral hygiene Twice daily (quantity and time not reported) during 10 days No smokers Age range: 30–50 yrs Baseline: 15/0 End: 15/0
Scaling and root planing only + mechanical oral hygiene Not applicable No smokers Age range: 30–50 Baseline: 15/0 End: 15/0
A: NR ± NR B: NR ± NR C: NR ± NR
(3 months) A: NR ± NR B: NR ± NR C: NR ± NR
A: NR (NR#) B: NR (NR#) C: NR (NR#)
No statistically significant difference between CHX and H2O2 groups Statistically significant lower gingival index in H2O2 in comparison to the control group
Systemically healthy Halitosis (patients with organoleptic score >1, in a scale of 0 to 5) GI (L & S)
H2O2 1.5% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days No smokers Mean age: 24.78 yrs (whole sample) Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
CHX 2% (use of toothbrush and dentifrice NR) Twice daily (10 ml and time not reported) during 15 days No smokers Mean age: 24.78 yrs (whole sample) Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
NA
A: 1.83 ± 0.35 B: 1.74 ± 0.17 C: NA
(15 days) A: 1.80 ± 0.34 B: 1.66 ± 0.17 C: NA
A: −0.03 (−1.64%#) B: −0.08 (−4.60%#) C: NA
CHX group showed significantly lower gingival index scores in comparison to H2O2
H2O2 1% Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) during 21 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
CHX 0.12% Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) during 21 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
Flavored alcoholic placebo solution Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR End: NR/NR
A: 0.00 ± 0.00 B: 0.00 ± 0.00 C: 0.00 ± 0.00
(21 days) A: 1.27 ± NR B: 0.06 ± NR C: 1.49 ± NR
A: 1.27 B: 0.06 C: 1.49
Statistically significant lower gingival index was detected in the CHX group when compared to both groups Statistically significant lower gingival index was detected in the H2O2 group when compared to the placebo group
H2O2 (1.7g dissolved in 30 ml of tap water) Three times a day (30 ml per 2 minutes) during 14 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 14) End: NR/NR (total n = 14)
NA
Placebo mouthwash Three times a day (30 ml per 2 minutes) during 14 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 14); End: NR/NR (total n = 14)
Percent of sites with score 0 A: 72.10 ± 1.80 B: NA C: 74.00 ± 2.30 Percent of sites with score 1 A: 26.4 ± 1.70 B: NA C: 25.4 ± 2.20 Percent of sites with score 2 A: 1.50 ± 0.60 B: NA C: 0.60 ± 0.30 Percent of sites with score 3 A: 0.00 ± 0.00 B: NA C: 0.00 ± 0.00
(14 days) Percent of sites with score 0 A: 27.40 ± 7.30 B: NA C: 13.00 ± 2.30 Percent of sites with score 1 A: 53.30 ± 1.40 B: NA C: 54.90 ± 3.40 Percent of sites with score 2 A: 19.40 ± 2.40 B: NA C: 31.60 ± 4.60 Percent of sites with score 3 A: 0.00 ± 0.00 B: NA C: 0.00 ± 0.00
Sites with score 0 A: −44.70 (−62.00%) B: NA C: −61.00 (−82.43%) Sites with score 1 A: 26.90 (101.89%) B: NA C: 29.50 (116.14%) Sites with score 2 A: 17.9 (1.193%) B: NA C: 31 (5,166%) Sites with score 3 A: 0 (0%) B: NA C: 0 (0%)
Significantly higher percentage of score 0 was detected in the H2O2 group in comparison to the control group Significantly a lower percentage of score 1 was detected in the H2O2 group in comparison to the control group Significantly a lower percentage of score 2 was detected in the H2O2 group in comparison to the control group No statistically significant difference was detected between groups for percentage of score 3
NA: not applicable; NR: not reported; RCT: randomized clinical trial; non-RCT: nonrandomized clinical trial; CHX: chlorhexidine; M: male; F: female. A: H2O2 rinse; B: chlorhexidine rinse; C: control rinse. ∆: delta of mean (final−initial mean); %: percentage of reduction. GI (L & S): gingival index (Löe & Silness, 1963); BT (A): bleeding tendency (Armitage et al., 1982); EIBI: Eastman interdental bleeding index; mGI (G); modified gingival index (Gordon et al., 1985); BoP: bleeding on probing; mGI (L): modified gingival index (Lobene et al., 1989). Statistically significant differences between groups (H2O2 vs chlorhexidine); statistically significant differences between groups (H2O2 vs control); #statistically significant differences within group (end vs baseline score).
