Systemically healthy Gingivitis (gingival index >2.0 and >10% sites with bleeding). In the first 28 days, only the mouth rinses were used. F. nucleatum ss. vincenti, C. concisus, C. rectus, T. forsythensis, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, C. sputigena, S. oralis, A. naeslundii, T. denticola, C. curva, and E. corrodens
H2O2 1.5% + 0.05 sodium fluoride toothpaste + toothbrush Twice daily (quantity not reported for 30 s) during 6 months 3.9% smokers (N not provided) Mean age: 31.4 yrs Baseline: 19%/51% (N not provided) End: NR/NR
Not applicable
Placebo mouth rinse 0.05 sodium fluoride toothpaste + toothbrush Twice daily (quantity not reported for 30 s) during 6 months 18.8% smokers (N not provided) Mean age: 31.0 yrs Baseline: 45.8%/54.2% (N not provided) End: NR/NR
A: NR B: NA C: NR
(6 months) A: NR B: NA C: NR
A: NR B: NA C: NR
Various degrees of reductions in F. nucleatum ss. vincentii, C. concisus, C. rectus, T. forsythensis, P. gingivalis, P nigrescens, C. sputigina, and E. corrodens, with the use of the test rinse but not the placebo None of these changes, however, were statistically significant
S. mutans (in CFU/ml) A: 10442 ± 7845 B: 11614 ± 7685 C: 1696 ± 1933
Total Streptococci A: NR B: NR C: NR S. mutans (in CFU/ml) A: NR B: NR C: NR
Chlorhexidine performed better in total level of Streptococcus, as compared to H2O2, that did not differ from placebo No statistically significant differences were observed in S. mutans among groups
Systemically healthy Not reported Reduction factors of log CFU
H2O2 3% Single usage (20 ml, 30 seconds, followed by 20 ml of sterile water for additional 30 seconds) Smokers NR Mean age: NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = at least 10) End: NR/NR (total n = at least 10)
CHX 0.2% Single usage (20 ml, 30 seconds, followed by 20 ml of sterile water for additional 30 seconds) Smokers NR Mean age: NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = at least 10) End: NR/NR (total n = at least 10)
Distilled sterile water Single usage (20 ml, 30 seconds, followed by another 20 ml of sterile water for additional 30 seconds) Smokers NR Mean age: NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = at least 10) End: NR/NR (total n = at least 10
A: NR B: NR C: NR
(60 minutes) A: 0.35 ± NR B: 1.38 ± NR C: −0.06 ± NR
A: NR B: NR C: NR
Mean values of the reduction factor of log10 CFU demonstrated a higher reduction with chlorhexidine, followed by H2O2, which also performed better than distilled sterile water
Not reported Not reported Total facultative anaerobes, total cultivable microbiota, Streptococci, actinomyces, A. naeslundii, A. viscosus, Fusobacteria, Veillonella, and Capnocytophaga
H2O2 1% Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) during 21 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 10) End: NR/NR (total n = 10)
CHX 0.12% Twice daily (15 ml for 30s) during 21 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 11) End: NR/NR (total n = 11)
Flavored alcoholic placebo solution Twice daily (15 ml for 30 s) Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 11) End: NR/NR (total n = 11)
Chlorhexidine 0.12% demonstrated a broad-spectrum activity with significant reduction in the number of both facultative and strict anaerobe However, H2O2 1% did not affect total cultivable microbiota or facultative bacterial species such as Streptococci and Actinomyces In relation to strict anaerobes (e.g., Fusobacterium and Veillonella), H2O2 1% was significantly less effective as compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine
Systemically healthy Oral health Cocoid cells/straight rods, filaments, fusiforms, motile/curved rods, and spirochetes
H2O2 (1.7 g dissolved in 30 ml of tap water) Three times a day (30 ml per 2 minutes) during 14 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 14) End: NR/NR (total n = 14)
Not applicable
Placebo mouthwash Three times a day (30 ml per 2 minutes) during 14 days Smokers NR Mean age NR Baseline: NR/NR (total n = 14) End: NR/NR (total n = 14)
H2O2 mouthwash prevented the colonization of filaments, fusiforms, motile, and curved rods as well as spirochetes Statistically significant differences were observed in relation to placebo
NA: not applicable; NR: not reported; RCT: randomized clinical trial; non-RCT: nonrandomized clinical trial; CHX: chlorhexidine; M: male; F: female. A: H2O2 rinse; B: chlorhexidine rinse; C: control rinse. ∆: delta of mean (final−initial mean); %: percentage of reduction. Statistically significant differences between groups (H2O2 vs chlorhexidine); statistically significant differences between groups (H2O2 vs control); #statistically significant differences within group (end vs baseline score).
