Effect of Vitamins D and E on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study

Figure 3

Changes in hDPSC proliferation and morphology induced by treatment with vitamins D and E. (a) Percentage reduction in proliferation induced by treatment with vitamin D (10⁻⁷M), vitamin E (12 μM), and the two vitamins simultaneously (D + E) during 192 h of treatment. Greater reduction in the proliferation of cells treated with vitamins D + E (61% at 144 h and 49% at 192 h) can be observed compared to that observed when applying vitamin D (49% at 144 h and 40% at 192 h) and vitamin E (35% at 144 h and 33% at 192 h) individually. All treatment groups showed statistically significant differences between them and with the control from 96 h (). (b) Microphotograph of hDPSC treated with vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamins D + E and differentiation medium (DM) during 192 h. Cells treated with vitamins D and E simultaneously (D + E) presented less cell confluence with a larger and flatter cytoplasm. Bar 200 μm.

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