International Journal of Dentistry

Research Article

Remineralization Potential of Nanohydroxyapatite Toothpaste Compared with Tricalcium Phosphate and Fluoride Toothpaste on Artificial Carious Lesions

Table 2

Mean, standard deviation (sd), 95% confidential interval (CI) of baseline hardness (H_B), hardness after artificial formation of demineralization (H_D), hardness after application of pH-cycling and remineralization process (H_R), hardness difference determined between after application of pH-cycling and remineralization process and after artificial formation of demineralization (H_diff = H_R − H_D), percentage of hardness recovery (% HR), remineralization potential (RP), percentage of remineralization potential (% RP), and average crystal size (CS) for no treatment (NT), nanohydroxyapatite toothpaste (NHT), tricalcium phosphate toothpaste (TCPT), and fluoride toothpaste (FT) group.


Group	H_B	H_D	H_R	H_diff = H_R − H_D	% HR	RP	% RP	CS (nm)
Group	Mean ± sd 95% CI (LL-UL)	Mean ± sd 95% CI (LL-UL)	Mean ± sd 95% CI (LL-UL)	Mean ± sd 95% CI (LL-UL)	Mean ± sd 95% CI (LL-UL)	Mean ± sd 95% CI (LL-UL)	Mean ± sd 95% CI (LL-UL)	CS (nm)

NT	362.06 ± 10.11^a (356.46–367.66)	147.07 ± 18.93^b (136.59–157.55)	73.38 ± 19.50^c (62.58–84.18)	−73.69 ± 17.13^p(−83.18)–(−64.20)	−34.78 ± 9.96ⁿ (−40.30)–(−29.27)	—	—	34.80
NHT	361.65 ± 9.89^a (356.18–367.13)	150.77 ± 22.49^b (138.31–163.23)	160.29 ± 18.60^d (149.99–170.59)	9.52 ± 6.54^h (5.90–13.14)	4.39 ± 2.83^m (2.83–5.96)	86.91 ± 13.65ⁿ (79.36–94.47)	58.62 ± 11.20^p (52.42–64.82)	37.07
TCPT	361.54 ± 9.56^a (356.26–366.83)	147.55 ± 21.10^b (135.87–159.24)	161.78 ± 21.70^d (149.77–173.80)	14.23 ± 8.09^h (9.75–18.71)	6.69 ± 3.94^m (4.51–8.87)	88.41 ± 12.47ⁿ (81.50–95.31)	60.61 ± 8.88^p (55.70–65.53)	46.77
FT	360.89 ± 11.01^a (354.80–366.99)	152.22 ± 20.31^b (141.00–163.43)	164.26 ± 19.44^d (153.49–175.02)	12.04 ± 4.74^h (9.41–14.67)	5.74 ± 2.09^m (4.58–6.90)	90.88 ± 15.49ⁿ (82.30–99.46)	60.49 ± 11.66^p (54.02–66.95)	39.49

NB: different superscript letters in the same column represented significant different between treatment group (). LL: lower limit. UP: upper limit.