Periodontal Treatment Improves Serum Levels of Leptin, Adiponectin, and C-Reactive Protein in Thai Patients with Overweight or Obesity
Table 1
Characteristics of participants, according to BMI and periodontal disease status at baseline.
Owt/Ob
Nwt
‡
With SP
Without SP
ϯ
With SP
Without SP
ϯ
Age (years)
52.50 (51.50, 65.50)
46.00 (39.00, 50.00)
0.01
46.00 (41.50, 53.00)
43.00 (36.00, 48.00)
0.27
0.02
Sex
Male
1
3
—
1
1
—
—
Female
5
8
4
6
BMI (kg/m2)
25.07 (23.96, 29.20)
25.00 (24.16, 32.18)
—
21.70 (19.28, 22.20)
19.98 (18.14, 22.32)
—
—
Waist circumference (cm)
Male
97.00
92.00 (91.00, —)
—
83.00
80 .00
—
—
Female
90.00 (81.50, 92.25)
84.00 (81.25, 89.88)
74.00 (67.75, 78.75)
73.00 (66.75, 67.75)
Blood chemistry
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl)
99.50 (94.50, 114.25)
95.00 (87.00, 108.00)
0.22
91.00 (83.50, 96.00)
86.00 (82.00, 91.00)
0.43
0.03
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
217.00 (203.50, 229.00)
228.00 (198.00, 235.00)
0.88
217.00 (167.50, 251.50)
181.00 (158.00, 216.00
0.34
0.15
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
86 (70.50, 190.25)
148.00 (111.00, 218.00)
0.12
88.00 (65.50, 115.50)
82.00 (45.00, 100.00)
0.43
0.02
Personal history
Exercise
Yes (≥3 times/week)
2 (33.30%)
3 (27.30%)
0.09
2 (40.00%)
3 (42.90%)
0.56
0.10
No (<3 times/week)
4 (66.70%)
8 (72.70%)
3 (60.00%)
4 (57.10%)
Education
<Bachelor’s degree
4 (66.70%)
4 (63.60%)
0.81
3 (60.00%)
0 (0.00%)
0.08
0.35
≥Bachelor’s degree
2 (33.30%)
7 (36.40%)
2 (40.00%)
7 (100.00%)
Alcohol consumption
Current
1 (16.70%)
5 (45.50%)
0.23
2 (40.00%)
0 (0.0%)
0.02
0.02
Never/former
5 (83.30%)
6 (54.50%)
3 (60.00%)
7 (100.00%)
Brushing habit
≤1 time/day
0 (0.00%)
0 (0.00%)
—
0 (0.00%)
0 (0.00%)
—
—
≥2 times/day
6 (100.00%)
11 (100.00%)
5 (100.00%)
7 (100.00%)
Periodontal parameters
PD (mm)
3.56 (2.92, 4.30)
2.43 (2.22, 2.61)
<0.001
3.95 (3.35, 4.38)
2.13 (1.91, 2.26)
0.003
<0.001
CAL (mm)
4.19 (3.73, 6.42)
0.55 (0.22, 1.73)
<0.001
4.36 (3.27, 5.17)
0.74 (0.36, 1.54)
0.005
<0.001
BOP (%)
81.64 (68.24, 99.31)
81.25 (74.40, 91.23)
0.73
85.33 (83.95, 100.00)
62.96 (36.90, 66.67)
0.02
0.03
Plaque score (%)
60.94 (41.61, 83.96)
50.00 (41.67, 72.62)
0.59
56.82 (54.48, 79.10)
38.10 (23.81, 64.81)
0.15
0.21
Cytokine levels
Leptin (ng/mL)
16.17 (8.32, 28.93)
15.76 (11.40, 23.35)
1.00
12.13 (9.93, 20.70)
6.69 (5.99, 11.29)
0.05
0.03
Adiponectin (μg/mL)
4.57 (2.90, 6.45)
3.29 (2.00, 4.82)
0.30
4.23 (2.69, 6.44)
3.22 (2.70, 5.02)
0.64
0.64
CRP (μg/mL)
3.17 (2.08, 8.04)
3.35 (1.41, 5.64)
0.59
1.58 (0.66, 3.97)
0.58 (0.41, 4.36)
0.76
0.34
Data are shown as median (Q1 and Q3) or n (%). ϮMann–Whitney U test or chi-square. ‡Kruskal–Wallis test or chi-square. PD, probing depth (mean of probing depth of full mouth); CAL, clinical attachment level (mean of the clinical attachment level of full mouth); BOP, bleeding on probing; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; Owt, overweight; Ob, obesity; Nwt, normal weight; SP, severe periodontitis.
