Antimicrobial Activity of Thermocycled Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Table 1

Means ± standard deviations, biofilm inhibition (%), and multiple comparisons of optical density of the study groups for bacteria species.

Groups	Factors	Bacteria species
		S. mutans	S. sobrinus	S. salivarius	S. sanguis
2.5% TiO2	Optical density	0.70 ± 0.02^cd	1.66 ± 0.23^a	0.69 ± 0.00^a	0.51 ± 0.07^a
	Biofilm inhibition	25%	48%	80%	70%
7.5% TiO2	Optical density	0.42 ± 0.06^bc	1.78 ± 0.09^a	0.28 ± 0.01^b	0.27 ± 0.07^a
	Biofilm inhibition	18%	43.7%	93%	79%
2.5% CuO	Optical density	0.19 ± 0.03^ab	3.70 ± 0.21^b	0.58 ± 0.12^ab	0.50 ± 0.13^a
	Biofilm inhibition	60%	6%	83%	44%
7.5% CuO	Optical density	0.17 ± 0.07^a	0.34 ± 0.06^c	0.34 ± 0.06^b	0.18 ± 0.01^a
	Biofilm inhibition	66%	89%	90%	80%
Control	Optical density	0.58 ± 0.08^c	3.00 ± 0.24^b	3.16 ± 0.09^c	0.99 ± 0.08^b

Vertically within groups, different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups in the same column ( ≤ 0.05).