Bacterial Colonization of the Condyle in Patients with Advanced Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis: Analysis of Hemimandibulectomy Specimens

Figure 2

Preoperative CT images (a–c) and results of hematoxylin and eosin staining (a’–c’) in patient 3. White dotted circle in (a) and (a’) indicate mandibular canal. Results of Gram staining of areas indicated with white dotted boxes are shown in enlarged images (a”–c”). Severe bone destruction and inflammation in mandibular body (a’) and ramus (b’). Apparent bacterial colonization is evident (a” and b”). Bone marrow hollowing and inflammatory cell infiltration (c’), as well as bacterial colonization (c”), are evident in mandibular condyle. Asterisk () indicates the articular surfaces of condyle. Scale bar = 20 μm.