Geometrical Approaches for the Accurate Identification of Normal Vertical Positions of Sella and Nasion Points in Cephalograms

<div>Cephalometric landmarks and reference planes. Landmarks: porion (Po), sella (S), nasion (N), basion (Ba), articulare (Ar), orbitale (Or), pterygomaxillary fissure (Ptm), anterior nasal spine (ANS), and posterior nasal spine (PNS). Reference planes: SN plane, the line joining S and N; FH plane, the line joining Po and Or; palatal plane, the line joining ANS and PNS; S-Ba plane, the line joining S and Ba.</div>

International Journal of Dentistry

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Geometrical Approaches for the Accurate Identification of Normal Vertical Positions of Sella and Nasion Points in Cephalograms 