Geometrical Approaches for the Accurate Identification of Normal Vertical Positions of Sella and Nasion Points in Cephalograms

Table 3

Various angular parameters used for the determination of normal vertical positions of S point.

Variables	Gender	Values Mean ± SD	Significance ( value); Males vs females
∠Ba-S-Ptm (°)	Males	63.28 ± 4.52	0.088^NS
	Females	64.69 ± 4.28
	Total	64.04 ± 4.43
∠Ba-S-PNS (°)	Males	59.43 ± 2.98	0.677^NS
	Females	59.68 ± 3.35
	Total	59.56 ± 3.17
∠Ar-S-Ptm (°)	Males	58.78 ± 3.53	0.089^NS
	Females	59.89 ± 3.46
	Total	59.38 ± 3.52
∠Ar-S-PNS (°)	Males	54.00 ± 3.18	0.291^NS
	Females	54.67 ± 3.54
	Total	54.36 ± 3.38
∠S-Ptm-Ba (°)	Males	69.63 ± 5.36	0.437^NS
	Females	68.96 ± 3.77
	Total	69.27 ± 4.56
∠S-Ptm-Ar (°)	Males	60.04 ± 3.29	0.284^NS
	Females	59.40 ± 3.13
	Total	59.70 ± 3.21
∠S-PNS-Ba (°)	Males	59.80 ± 2.87	0.811^NS
	Females	59.65 ± 3.93
	Total	59.72 ± 3.47
∠S-PNS-Ar (°)	Males	48.51 ± 3.73	0.095^NS
	Females	47.26 ± 4.21
	Total	47.83 ± 4.03
∠S-Ba-Ptm (°)	Males	47.08 ± 4.03	0.262^NS
	Females	46.34 ± 3.08
	Total	46.86 ± 3.55
∠S-Ar-Ptm (°)	Males	61.11 ± 3.63	0.460^NS
	Females	60.61 ± 3.52
	Total	60.84 ± 3.56
∠S-Ba-PNS (°)	Males	60.90 ± 2.81	0.659^NS
	Females	60.65 ± 3.36
	Total	60.76 ± 3.11
∠S-Ar-PNS (°)	Males	77.55 ± 4.36	0.559^NS
	Females	78.07 ± 5.03
	Total	77.83 ± 4.72

Ba, basion; Ar, articulare; S, sella; Ptm, Pterygomaxillary fissure; PNS, posterior nasal spine. ∠ = angle, (°) = degree, SD = standard deviation, NS = nonsignificant.