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| Study | Galvanic couples | Environment, pH, period, method, area ratio, etc. | Results |
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| Soares et al. 2021 [7] in vitro | Annealed microstructured cp Ti G4/CoCrMo | (i) 0.9% NaCl and BB at 225 ppm F at pH 6 and 2 | (i) Acid-treated cp Ti G4 and UFG Ti exhibited better corrosion resistance compared to cp Ti G4 |
| Cp Ti G4 acid treated/CoCrMo UFG Ti1/CoCrMo | (ii) Naturally airy. | (ii) The galvanic couple with the lowest current was nanostructured Ti cp in contact with CoCrMo alloy |
| (iii) 24 H |
| (iv) OCP2 and ZRA3 |
| (v) 0.2 |
| Mellado–Valero et al. 2018 [2] in vitro | Ti G2/Au | (i) AS4, SAF pH 6.5, and SAF pH 3 | (i) The NiCrTi alloy shows a very narrow passive |
| Ti G2/NiCrTi | (ii) OCP, CP5, and ZRA. | (ii) Domain, exhibiting transpassive dissolution at most |
| Ti G2/CoCr | (iii) 30 min for OCP and hours 4 for CP | (iii) Low potential values compared to other materials |
| Ti G2/CoCr-c | (iv) 0.28: CoCr-c and NiCrTi | (iv) The TiG2/Ti6Al4V couple shows no galvanic effect |
| Ti G2/Ti6Al4V | (v) 0.5: CoCr, Ti6Al4, and AuPd |
| Bortagaray et al. 2016 [8] in vitro | Ti cp/noble alloys | (i) AS pH 7, 1 | Noble alloys with high gold and palladium content combined with cp titanium implants showed high resistance to galvanic corrosion |
| (ii) Analytical technique by static immersion—3 months |
| Cp Ti/Cp Ti |
| Ziębowicz, A. et al. 2015 [9] in vitro | Cp Ti c/Ti6Al4V | (i) A mandibular bone in | Galvanic corrosion hardly occurs in case of coupling between Cp Ti/Ti6Al4V |
| (ii) Tyrode’s solution, 37 ± 1°C |
| (iii) CP, and EIS6 |
| (iv) 6 months |
| (v) 1 |
| Sola C. 2013 [10] in vitro, Anwar, E.M. et al. 2011 [11] in vitro | Cp Ti/noble alloys (Pontor®2) | (i) AS, pH of 7.1–37°C | The noble alloy/Ti couple proved to be the most resistant galvanic couple, whereas the noble alloy/Ti6Al4V couple presents the lowest corrosion resistance |
| Ti 6Al4V/noble alloys (Pontor®2) | (ii) OCP, CP, EIS |
| (iii) 24 H |
| (iv) 0.9 |
| Cp Ti/metallic ceramics (NiCr) | (i) SA pH of 7.5 -(ii) NaF added to AS: 3 different concentrations were tested | (i) The best corrosion resistance was presented by the cp Ti pairs compared to the other pairs where the implant was Ti6Al4V |
| Cp Ti/ceramics | (ii) Titanium implants paired with ceramic-ceramic |
| Ti 6Al4V/CM (NiCr) | (iii) Crowns showed the highest corrosion resistance rates compared to the other pairs tested |
| Ti 6Al4V/ceramics | (iii) M NaF, M 0,05 NaF and M 0, 1 NaF | (iv) However, the best couple was cp Ti/ceramic |
| (iv) OCP and EIS |
| Tuna et al. 2009 [12] in vitro | Cp Ti (G4)/Pd | (i) AS, pH 6.7, at 37°C | The cp Ti G4/noble alloys pair showed a galvanic corrosion potential value significantly lower than that of the cp Ti G4/CoCr and cp Ti G4/NiCr pairs and therefore a better resistance to galvanic corrosion |
| Cp Ti (G4)/Au | (ii) PD7, OCP, |
| Cp Ti (G4)/NiCr | (iii) 14 H |
| Cp Ti (G4)/CoCr | (iv) 0.33 |
| Arslan H. et al. 2008 [13] in vitro | Ti 6Al4V/Au | (i) Ringer at 37°C | The Ti6Al4V/Au pair had the highest resistance to galvanic corrosion, while the Ti6Al4V/NiCr couple presented the least |
| Ti 6Al4V/NiCr | (ii) Absence of oxygen |
| Ti 6Al4V/CoCr | (iii) Cp, mixed potential theory |
| Oh et Al 2004 [14] in vitro | Ti cp (G3)/Au | (i) AS at 37°C | The Ti cp (G 3)/Ti cp (G 3) and Ti cp (G3)/gold pairs exhibited relatively low passive current densities. While the implant pairs Co-Cr/Ti and NiCr/Ti had the highest values |
| Ti cp (G3)/NiCr | (ii) OCP, PS8, and PD |
| Ti cp (G3)/CoCr | (iii) 5 000s |
| Ti cp (G3)/Ti cp (G3) |
| Taher and Jabab 2003 [15] in vitro | Ti cp (G1)/Au | (i) AS fusayama modified at pH: 7,2 | The best couples were Ti/Ti cp, Ti/Or and Ti/Co- Cr, while the Ti/Ni–Cr couple showed unstable galvanic corrosion behavior |
| Ti cp (G1)/NiCr | (ii) Potentiostat |
| Ti cp (G1)/CoCr | (iii) 24 H |
| Ti cp (G1)/cp Ti (G1) | (iv) 0.78 |
| Cortada et al. 2000 [16] in vitro | Ti cp (G1)/Au | (i) AS, pH: 6.7 at 37° | The titanium implant coupled with a nickel-chromium alloy releases a large amount of ions and the implant coupled with the titanium superstructure has low values of released ions |
| Ti cp (G1)/Pd | (ii) OCP, PD, potentiostat |
| Ti cp (G1)/NiCr | (iii) 250 min |
| Ti cp (G1)/Ti cp (G2) cast | (iv) 1 |
| Ti cp (G1)/Ti cp (G2) machined |
| Grosgogeat et al. 1999 [17] in vitro | Ti cp/CoCr | (i) AS aerated AFNOR pH at 6.737°C | (i) The most unfavorable situation is when a small anode is linked to a large cathode |
| Ti 6Al4V/CoCr | (ii) AS deaerated fusayama 37°C, pH 5 | (ii) There are other possible types of corrosion to consider in addition to galvanic corrosion, such as pitting and crevice corrosion |
| (iii) OCP, PD, and potentiostat |
| (iv) 24 H for OCP |
| (v) 15 H for ZRA |
| (vi) 1 |
| Venugopalan and Lucas 1998 [18] in vitro | Cp Ti (G2)/Au | (i) AS fusayama 37°C, pH 5 | (i) Precious alloys (based on au, Ag, and pd) coupled with titanium were found to be the least susceptible to galvanic corrosion |
| Cp Ti (G2)/AgPd | (ii) OCP and PD | (ii) NiCr and CoCr based alloys coupled to titanium were moderately susceptible to galvanic corrosion |
| Cp Ti (G2)/CoCrMo | (iii) 6 hours | (iii) Mo added to Ni–Cr based alloys plays a protective role against corrosion while Be has a negative influence |
| Cp Ti (G2)/NiCrMo |
| Cp Ti (G2)/NiCr |
| Cp Ti (G2)/NiCrBe |
| Reclaru and Meyer 1994 [19] in vitro | Cp Ti G4/Au | (i) AS fusayama pH 5, 37°C | (i) The coupling of titanium with nonprecious alloys presents a negligible risk with respect to crevice corrosion |
| Cp Ti (G4)/CoCr | (ii) OCP and PD | (ii) Mo added to non-precious alloys plays a protective role against corrosion |
| Cp Ti (G4)/FeNiCr | (iii) 24 H |
| Cp Ti (G4)/NiCrMo | (iv) 1 |
| Ravnholt 1988 [20] in vitro | Cp Ti/Au | (i) Solution de NaCl à 1% aérée | No corrosion current was recorded when gold and CoCr were in contact with titanium |
| Cp Ti/CoCr | (ii) pH 6,25 ± 0.25 à 37 ± 1°c | The changes occurred when the amalgam was in contact with the titanium |
| PD, potentiostat |
| 20 days |
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