A Comparison of Lower Dental Arch Changes Using Two Types of Space Regainers: A Removable Appliance with a Distalizing Screw and a Fixed Double-Banded Appliance

Table 1

Measured variables and their definitions.

Variable	Definition
Available space (mm)	Space measured between the distal surface of the lateral incisor and the mesial surface of the permanent first molar
Required space (mm)	Sum of mesiodistal width of permanent canine and premolars estimated by Tanaka-Johnston method
Molar angle (degree)	Angle formed by the long axis of the mandibular first permanent molar and mandibular plane
IMPA (degree)	Angle formed by the long axis of mandibular incisors and the mandibular plane
Molar to symphysis (mm)	Distance between mandibular first permanent molar and posterior border of symphysis
Molar to mandibular plane (mm)	Distance between mesiobuccal cusp tip of mandibular first permanent molar and the mandibular plane

The definitions given in this table are derived from Werner et al. [21] and da Costa et al. [17].