Effect of Long-Term Cryopreservation on the Stemness of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla

Table 1

Genes’ properties (main properties of genes that coincide with pluripotency) (ESC: embryonic stem cells).

Gene	Main properties
NANOG	(i) Regulation of the differentiation and the pluripotency; (ii) Sustaining the pluripotency of epiblast and impeding it from differentiation; (iii) Induction of self-renewal and the preservation of pluripotency (5)
OCT4	(i) Yamanaka factor, essential for the generation of pluripotent stem cells of fibroblasts; (ii) Regulation of the pluripotency and differentiation of ESC (6)
CMYC	(i) Yamanaka factor, essential for the generation of pluripotent stem cells of fibroblasts (6); (ii) Regulation of the pluripotency and differentiation of ESC (6); (iii) Regulation of cell cycle entry and apoptosis (7); (iv) Promotion of cell growth proliferation (7); (v) Suppression of terminal differentiation (7)
SOX2	(i) Yamanaka factor, essential for the generation of pluripotent stem cells of fibroblasts (6); (ii) Regulation of the pluripotency and differentiation of ESC (6); (iii) Contributes to the development and homeostasis of adult tissues (8)
KLF4	(i) Yamanaka factor, essential for the generation of pluripotent stem cells of fibroblasts (6); (ii) Regulation of the pluripotency and differentiation of ESC (6); (iii) Regulation of cell apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation (9)
SALL4	(i) Preservation of the stemness of ESC; (ii) Regulation of somatic cells reprogramming to pluripotency (10).
ESRRB	(i) Controls ESC self-renewal and fosters their reprogramming (11); (ii) Maintenance of pluripotency (11); (iii) Can functionally substitute Nanog regarding self-renewal (11); (iv) Promotes reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotent cells (12); (v) Provides stability to the network of naïve pluripotency (13, 14)
ZNF217	(i) Orchestrating the tissue development and differentiation; (ii) Epigenetic regulation in the expression of NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2; (iii) Decreased expression in differentiated cells (15)
ZNF878	(i) Orchestrating the tissue development and differentiation; (ii) Regulation of transcription (16)