Oral Management by a Full-Time Resident Dentist in the Hospital Ward Reduces the Incidence of Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Stroke
Table 1
Summary of the patients in the three groups.
Overall N (%)
DCS
-value
Pre: April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013; N (%)
During: April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014; N (%)
Post: April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015; N (%)
Stroke
945
305
327
313
Classification of stroke
Cerebral infarction
537 (56.8)
172 (56.4)
194 (59.3)
171 (54.6)
0.473
Cerebral hemorrhage
295 (31.2)
91 (29.8)
96 (29.4)
108 (34.5)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
113 (12)
42 (13.8)
37 (11.3)
34 (10.9)
Admission by ambulance
679 (71.9)
233 (76.4)
233 (71.3)
213 (68.1)
0.067
Hospitalization route
Home
869 (92)
283 (92.8)
307 (93.9)
279 (89.1)
0.250
Sex
Male
512 (54.2)
153 (50.2)
188 (57.5)
171 (54.6)
0.178
Age
60>
144 (15.2)
56 (18.4)
55 (16.8)
33 (10.5)
0.120
60–69
240 (25.4)
75 (24.6)
90 (27.5)
75 (24)
70–79
271 (28.7)
84 (27.5)
89 (27.2)
98 (31.3)
80–89
241 (25.5)
83 (23.9)
77 (23.6)
81 (25.9)
≥90
59 (6.2)
17 (5.6)
16 (4.9)
26 (8.3)
BMI < 18.5 kg/m2
86 (9.1)
30 (9.8)
29 (8.9)
27 (8.6)
0.858
JCS
0 (alert consciousness)
312 (33)
90 (29.5)
116 (35.5)
106 (33.9)
0.397
1-digit (is awake without any stimulus)
336 (35.6)
112 (36.7)
112 (34.3)
112 (35.8)
2-digit (can be aroused)
138 (14.6)
55 (18)
44 (13.5)
39 (12.5)
3-digit (cannot be aroused by any forceful stimuli)
159 (16.8)
48 (15.7)
55 (16.8)
56 (17.9)
Comorbidities
Previous stroke
202 (21.4)
61 (20)
62 (19)
79 (25.2)
0.119
Dementia
75 (7.9)
23 (7.5)
22 (6.7)
30 (9.6)
0.390
Heart failure
72 (7.6)
26 (8.5)
25 (7.7)
21 (6.7)
0.696
Renal failure
62 (6.6)
17 (5.6)
26 (8)
19 (6.1)
0.441
Hypertension
735 (77.8)
231 (75.7)
256 (78.3)
248(79.2)
0.558
Respiratory illness
103 (10.9)
33 (10.8)
34 (10.4)
36 (11.5)
0.903
Hyperlipidemia
270(28.6)
74 (24.3)
105 (32.1)
91 (29.1)
0.090
Diabetes mellitus
283 (29.9)
76 (24.9)
108 (33)
99 (31.6)
0.062
Liver disease
65 (6.9)
15 (5)
20 (6.1)
30 (9.6)
0.058
Intervention within 3 days of hospitalization
Surgery
131 (13.9)
52 (17.1)
45 (13.8)
34 (10.9)
0.084
Speech-language pathologist
776 (82.1)
256 (83.9)
266 (81.4)
254 (81.2)
0.601
Dentistry
52 (5.5)
11 (3.6)
7 (2.1)
34 (10.9)
<0.0001∗
BMI, body mass index; JCS, Japan Coma Scale; DCS, dental care system. chi-square test, Pre-DCS versus Post-DCS, During-DCS versus Post-DCS. All comparisons used Pearson’s chi-square test, and multiple comparisons used Bonferroni’s adjustment.
