Oral-B iO with Ultimate Clean brush head (oscillating/rotating) males: 18; females: 37; smokers: not reported; age: 46.1±12.8 (range:18-69)
Soft ADA manual toothbrush males: 15; females: 40; smokers: not reported; age: 48.3±15.8 (range: 19-83)
Twice daily
Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), gingivitis status (“healthy”/“not healthy”)
Baseline, 1 and 8 weeks
At week 1, the powered brush group presented a significantly higher number of “healthy” subjects than the manual brush group (16.4% vs. 1.8%, ). This difference was pronounced at Week 8 (81.8% vs. 23.6%; ). Both brush groups had significant improvements from baseline at week 1 and week 8 for all three gingivitis measurements on the lingual surfaces, with on all measurements for the manual brush group and on all measurements for the powered brush group. For the between-group comparisons, there were significant differences seen at both week 1 ( for all) and week 8 ( for all) favoring the powered brush group for all lingual gingivitis measures.
O’Leary Plaque Score, bleeding on probing (BOP). Angulated Bleeding Score (AngBS) and probing depth (PD)
Baseline 8 weeks
At 8 weeks, lower percentage of BOP-() positive sites and higher index of improvement in AngBS () and the extent and severity of desquamative gingivitis lesions in the sonic compared with the manual brush group (). No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to PD.
Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Smart with Premium Plaque Control brush head (DCS) (sonic) n: 112; males: not reported; females: not reported; smokers: 0; age: not reported
Oral-B Genius 8000 with FlossAction brush head (OBG) n: 107; males: not reported; females: not reported; smokers: 0; age: not reported
2 min, twice daily
Lobene and Soparker modification of the Plaque Index Lobene Modification of the Gingival Index (MGI); van der Weijden modification of the Gingival Bleeding Index
Baseline 42 days
Gingivitis reduction and percent reduction per MGI following 42 days of product home use were 1.38 (1.30, 1.46) and 51.32% (48.45%, 54.19%) for DCS, and 0.53 (0.45, 0.61) and 20.07% (17.14%, 23.00%) for OBG. These results were statistically significant ().
Rustogi modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); Modified Gingival Index; Gingival Bleeding Index; number of bleeding sites
Baseline 5 weeks
MGI was reduced by 13.1% for the O‐R group and 5.4% for the manual group, and GBI was reduced by 54.0% and 23.3% for the O‐R and manual groups, respectively. Statistically, significantly greater reductions were observed for the O‐R brush versus the manual brush for MGI and GBI measures (). Mean bleeding site reductions from baseline at week 5 were 11.15 (52.2%) for the O‐R brush and 5.04 (23.6%) for the manual brush; the reduction was statistically significantly greater for the O‐R brush compared to the manual brush group (by 6.11, ).
Oral-B Professional Care SmartSeries 5000 toothbrush with Oral-B CrossAction toothbrush head, D36/EB50 (oscillating/rotating) + two-step stannous fluoride dentifrice and hydrogen peroxide whitening gel system + expanded polytetrafluoroethylene floss; males: 9; females: 17; smokers: not reported; age: 36.6±11.80 (21-60)
Dental prophylaxis followed by use of standard sodium fluoride dentifrice and a manual Oral-B Indicator toothbrush; males: 6; females: 20; smokers: not reported; age: 34.9±10.80 (19-55)
2 min, twice daily
Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index, marginal gingival bleeding
Baseline 2, 4, and 6 weeks
The number of bleeding sites in the experimental group continued to decrease throughout the trial, whereas after Week 2, the control group showed an increasing trend. compared to the control group, the test group had 55% fewer bleeding sites at Week 2, 85% fewer bleeding sites at Week 4, and 98% fewer bleeding sites at Week 6, which were all highly significant differences ().
- Colgate ProClinical C200 powered toothbrush with Triple Clean Brush Head (TC).- Colgate ProClinical C200 powered toothbrush with Sensitive Brush Head (S). (both sonic) Triple Clean; males: 13; females: 27; smokers: not reported; Sensitive males: 18; females: 22; smokers: not reported; age: 40. 83 (19-67)
Oral B Indicator manual; males: 18; females: 22; smokers: not reported; age: 41.93 (18-62)
2 min, twice daily
Rustogi modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI); Gingivitis Severity Index.
Baseline, 4 weeks
After four weeks, all three toothbrushes provided statistically significant () reductions in gingivitis and gingivitis severity. In comparison to the manual toothbrush, Toothbrush triple clean and Toothbrush Sensitive provided a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in gingivitis (10.0x and 9.33x, respectively) and gingivitis severity (5.67x and 7.0x, respectively). There were no differences between Toothbrush TC and Toothbrush S in respect to either gingivitis or gingivitis severity after four weeks of use.
Rustogi modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); Talbott modification of the Löe and Silness Gingival Index; Gingivitis Severity Index
Baseline 4 and 12 weeks
Relative to the baseline score, after 4 weeks, powered toothbrushes demonstrated a statistically significant () reduction in gingivitis, whereas manual toothbrush demonstrated a statistically significant () increase in gingivitis. The powered toothbrush group exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in gingivitis severity of 333% relative to the manual toothbrush group. Relative to the baseline score, after 12 weeks. The powered toothbrush group demonstrated a statistically significant () reduction in gingivitis, whereas manual toothbrush demonstrated a statistically significant () increase in gingivitis. The powered toothbrush group exhibited a statistically significant () reduction in gingivitis of 400% relative to the manual toothbrush group.
Colgate ProClinical A1500 powered toothbrush with Triple Clean Brush Head (TC), auto mode (sonic). Males: 15; females: 25; smokers: not reported; age: 44 (18-65)
Oral B Indicator manual flat-trim; males: 10; females: 26; smokers: not reported; age: 42 (20-66)
2 min, twice daily
Rustogi modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI); Gingivitis Severity Index
Baseline 4 and 12 weeks
Reduction of gingivitis after four weeks. Powered toothbrush with Triple Clean Brush Head (TC) exhibited a statistically significantly () greater reduction in Gingival Index scores of 0.09 as compared to an increase of 0.01 for the manual toothbrush. Gingivitis severity. Powered toothbrush TC exhibited a statistically significantly () greater reduction in Gingivitis Severity Index scores of 0.03 as compared to 0.01 for the manual toothbrush. Reduction of gingivitis after twelve weeks. Toothbrush TC exhibited a statistically significantly () greater reduction in Gingival Index scores of 0.42 as compared to 0.06 for the manual toothbrush. Gingivitis severity. Toothbrush TC exhibited a statistically significantly () greater reduction in Gingivitis Severity scores of 0.14 as compared to 0.04 for the manual toothbrush.
Multitufted soft manual toothbrush + standard fluoride- containing dentifrice; males: 25; females: 38; smokers: 19; age: 58 (34 to 79)
Twice daily
Plaque was scored positive if detected using a probe. Bleeding on probing (BOP), Probing depth (PD)
Baseline1, 2, and 3 years
No statistically significant difference in the proportion of bleeding sites was observed between the two groups at any of the examination intervals. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to PPD alterations between the test and control groups at the various examination intervals (min).
Oral B powered toothbrush (oscillating/rotating) + triclosan/copolymer/fluoride-containing dentifrice; males: 32 females: 48; smokers: 17; age: 38 (22 to 73)
Multitufted soft manual toothbrush + standard fluoride-containing dentifrice; males: 25; females: 55; smokers: 10; age: 38 (24 to 63)
2 min, twice daily
Plaque was scored positive if detected using a probe. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD)
Baseline1, 2, and 3 years
The individual change in BOP between baseline and 3 years revealed that 48 subjects (60%) in the test group and 42 subjects (52%) in the control group exhibited a decrease and that 27 subjects (34%) and 16 subjects (20%), respectively, exhibited an increase. No significant difference in the proportion of subjects according to BOP change was observed between the two groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to PD.
Silness and Löe Plaque Index (PI); Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI); bleeding on probing (BOP); probing depth (PD)
Baseline, 7, 14, and 28 days
Group P (Powered Toothbrush) had a significantly lower mean number of sites with BOP and the remaining sites showed PI >1 at days 14 and 28. Differences in the mean GI, the number of sites with GI >1, mean recession, mean PD, and the number of pockets >4 mm were not significant. A closer inspection indicated that differences between groups P and M (Manual toothbrush) seemed to be particularly pronounced at the lingual aspects of the lower arch. In this dentition segment, subjects in group P had an average PI of 0.38 (±±0.26) at day 28, whereas the average PI in group M (manual toothbrush) was 0.69 (±0.31).
Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index; Saxer and Muhlemann Papilla Bleeding Index; probing depth (PD)
Baseline 3, 6, 10 and 16 months.
There was an improvement in the oral health of all patients in both groups with respect to the levels of plaque, probing depth, and bleeding. The patterns of probing depth and plaque reduction were similar between manual and powered toothbrushes. In contrast, a significant difference in gingival bleeding was detected in favor of the manual brush after 16 months.
Ultra Sonex Ultima (sonic/ultrasonic) total: 31; males: not reported; females: not reported; smokers: not reported; age: not reported
Aronal compact manual total: 32; males: not reported; females: not reported; smokers: not reported; age: not reported
3 min, twice daily
Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index; Approximal Plaque Index (API); Papillary Bleeding Index
Baseline, 4, and 8 weeks
At 8 weeks, the API showed no difference between the manual and the powered toothbrush. The PBI showed similar results. A statistically significant difference was found after 4 (p = 0.01) and 8 weeks (p = 0.001). The final median PBI was 0.63 for the manual brush, and 0.29 for the Ultra Sonex Ultima. During the study period, the Friedmann test showed a statistically significant improvement for the PI and the PBI for the manual toothbrush and the Ultra Sonex Ultima ().
- Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra (oscillating)- Braun Oral- B Plak Control 3D (oscillating + long-axis motion) Plak Control Ultra; males: 16; females: 10; smokers: not reported; age: 25 (23-41); Plak Control 3D males: 16; females: 10; smokers: not reported; age: 25 (23-41)
Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index; Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI); bleeding on probing (BOP); probing depth (PD)
Baseline, 3, and 6 months
Mean pocket depth, mean plaque index, and % of sites exhibiting BOP showed significant reductions from baseline to 3 and 6 months in both groups. Mean attachment level and mean GI were significantly reduced in the powered brushing group only. There were no significant differences between groups at any time point for most of the measured parameters. However, a greater proportion of subjects in the powered brushing group showed a decrease in the % of sites with BOP at 6 months compared with subjects using a manual brush (82% vs 69% for powered and manual groups, respectively). Mean PD showed significantly greater reductions between baseline and 6 months in lingual and mandibular areas in the powered toothbrush group.
- Philips HP555- Philips Jordan 2-action Plaque Remover HP510 (rotating/oscillating, controlled pressure); males: 13; females: 37; smokers: not reported; age:50% < 35 years old and 50% > 35 years old
Jordan V-shape, medium; males: 13; females: 37; smokers: not reported; age: 50% < 35 years old and 50% > 35 years old
2 min, twice daily
Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index; Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI)
Baseline and 3 weeks after each group allocation (cross-over)
All surfaces: HP555 higher GI than manual () posterior proximal lingual surfaces: HP555 higher GI than manual () and HP555 higher GI than HP510 ()
- Braun Oral B D7- Philips/Jordan HP 735 (oscillating) Braun Oral B D7 total: 25; males: not reported; females: not reported; smokers: not reported; age: not reported;Philips Jordan HP 735 total: 25; males: not reported; females: not reported; smokers: not reported; age: not reported
Oral B Advantage B35 total: 24; males: not reported; females: not reported; smokers: not reported
At least 90 seconds, twice daily
Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index; Löe and Silness Gingival Index (GI)
Baseline, 6 weeks
After 6 weeks, subjects using the Philips/Jordan HP 735 had lower full mouth (), interproximal (), and smooth surface inflammation scores () when compared to the other 2 groups. Within the group Philips/Jordan HP 735, however, the Gingival Index scores at 6 weeks are virtually identical to those at baseline. Within the other groups, all GI increased between baseline and the 6-week visit.
Braun Oral B Plak Control (oscillating/rotating); males: 32; females: 23; smokers: not reported; age: 39
Jordan manual toothbrush, soft; males: 32; females: 24; smokers: not reported; age: 37
2 min, twice daily
Ainamo and Bay Visible Plaque Index; Ainamo and Bay modified Gingival Bleeding Index
Baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months
At 6 and 12 months, the mean percentage of sites with bleeding on probing in the powered toothbrush was lower than in the manual (). The differences tend to occur on the anterior labial and lingual surfaces. A drop in the mean percentage of sites with bleeding on probing at 6 and 12 months, when compared to the 3-month assessment was only detected in the powered toothbrush group ().
Modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index; Silness and Löe Plaque Index (PI); Vope Calculus Index; Lobene Modification of the Löe and Silness Gingival Index; marginal gingival bleeding
Baseline, 1, 2, 5, and 8 months
1 month later, during which the subjects had brushed according to written instructions, a decrease in all indices was observed, with the exception of bleeding in the manual group. No significant difference between groups was observed. At the 5-month appointment, a difference was observed for bleeding in favor of the powered toothbrush; although no difference was observed for visual signs of inflammation, groups show that the effect as observed at 5 months continued, and a significant difference between groups was observed for all but the calculus indices. The Braun Plak Control appeared to be more effective in the treatment of gingivitis.
Quigley and Hein Plaque Index; Approximal Sites with Plaque (AP); Muhlemann and Son Sulcus Bleeding Index; probing depth (PD)
Baseline, 2, 4, 8, 13, 21, and 34 weeks
Gingivitis study: After 1 and 4 months the periodontal situation improved, with significantly more reduction in gingivitis and probing pocket depth for the regions cleaned with the powered toothbrush. When lingual sites or approximal surfaces were considered, even more significant differences supporting the use of the powered toothbrush appeared. Periodontitis study: the reduction of gingivitis was more significant with the Interplak toothbrush. After 34 weeks, gingival inflammation almost disappeared in these quadrants. Brushing with the Interplak toothbrush also resulted in a greater pocket reduction when compared to the manual brushing.
