Effect of Caffeine Injection on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats: An Experimental Study on Rats

Table 2

The mean and standard deviation of each histologic variable in the experimental groups (mm²).

Group	Number of Howship’s lacunae		Number of blood vessels		Number of osteoclasts		Number of root resorption lacunae
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Negative control	0.16	0.40	2.00	0.89	0.83	0.40	0.00	0.00
Positive control	2.00	0.89	3.50	1.04	2.50	0.54	0.83	0.40
Caffeine 25 mg/kg	2.66	0.81	3.50	0.54	3.50	0.83	1.16	0.40
Caffeine 50 mg/kg	2.83	0.75	4.16	0.98	3.83	1 .16	1.50	0.54
Caffeine 75 mg/kg	4.16	0.75	5.66	0.51	4.00	0.89	1.50	0.54
value^‡	<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001

^‡One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test was used. Means with the same superscript letters are not significantly different ( > 0.05). SD: standard deviation.