Longitudinal Association between Periodontitis and the Risk of Hypertension

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of baseline characteristics of study participants (% or mean ± SD).

	All baseline (n = 1,028)	Retained in analysis (n = 540)
Age (years), mean ± SD	50.7 ± 6.8	49.0 ± 6.5
Male	27.0	22.0
Smoking	16.5	16.8
Former	18.1	20.9
Current	16.5	16.8
Annual income (<$20,000)	54.3	56.5
Education
<High school	11.2	10.8
High school	44.0	42.4
≥Some college	44.8	46.0
Physical activity
No physical activity	36.4	37.5
Some physical activity	7.3	6.8
Vigorous physical activity	56.3	55.7
Obese	64.1	57.4
Alcohol consumption (g/day)	2.3 ± 5.8	2.2 ± 6.1
Waist circumference (cm)	106.3 ± 14.1	104.1 ± 13.0
Prediabetes	52.5	47.9
Diabetes	7.5	6.2
Family history of hypertension	63.9	62.7
Plaque score	0.8 ± 0.6	0.8 ± 0.6
Number of sites with bleeding on probing	12.4 ± 12.0	12.7 ± 12.2
Always add salt to food	4.8	4.8
Elevated blood pressure	31.3	31.8
Periodontitis (moderate/severe)	67.2	65.9
Mean PD (mm)	1.4 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 1.0
Mean CAL (mm)	1.8 ± 1.2	1.7 ± 1.2
Dental caries	9.2 ± 0.8	8.9 ± 1.2
Number of teeth	23.5 ± 4.4	23.8 ± 4.2