Research Article
Longitudinal Association between Periodontitis and the Risk of Hypertension
Table 2
Baseline characteristics by periodontitis severity.
| | Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics | Level | Mild periodontitis | Moderate periodontitis | Severe periodontitis |
| | Number of participants | | 183 | 243 | 114 |
| | Age (years), mean ± SD | | 47.0 (5.6) | 50.0 (6.8) | 50.1 (6.6) |
| | Male | | 16.9% | 21.8% | 30.7% |
| | Smoking | Current | 13.1% | 21.8% | 31.6% | | Former | 16.4% | 16.9% | 21.1% | | None | 70.5% | 61.3% | 47.4% |
| | Annual income | <$20,000 | 61.7% | 58.0% | 53.2% | | >$20,000 | 38.3% | 42.0% | 46.8% |
| | Education | <High school | 11.4% | 10.6% | 12.1% | | High school | 42.7% | 49.0% | 44.9% | | ≥Some college | 45.9% | 40.4% | 43.0% |
| | Physical activity | None | 36.6% | 35.8% | 41.2% | | Some | 6.0% | 6.6% | 8.8% | | Vigorous | 57.4% | 57.6% | 50.0% |
| | BMI (SD) | | 32.4 (5.4) | 32.5 (6.1) | 32.4 (5.5) |
| | Alcohol consumption (g/day), mean (SD) | | 1.9 (7.1) | 2.1 (5.6) | 2.7 (5.2) |
| | Waist circumference, mean (SD) | | 103.3 (12.8) | 103.9 (12.8) | 105.0 (13.0) |
| | Diabetes | Normoglycemic | 54.1% | 44.0% | 36.8% | | Prediabetes | 42.1% | 48.6% | 55.3% | | Diabetes | 3.8% | 7.4% | 7.9% |
| | Family history of hypertension | No | 36.1% | 44.9% | 43.9% | | Yes | 63.9% | 55.1% | 56.1% |
| | Plaque score | | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.6) |
| | BOP, mean (SD) | | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) |
| | Always add salt to food | Yes | 4.7% | 4.8% | 4.8% | | No | 95.3% | 95.2% | 95.2% |
| | Elevated blood pressure | Yes | 32.6% | 35.8% | 36.0% | | No | 69.4% | 64.2% | 64.0% |
| | PD, mean (SD) | | 1.6 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.4) | 3.0 (1.0) |
| | CAL (mm), mean (SD) | | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.7) | 3.5 (1.6) |
| | Dental caries, mean (SD) | | 10.2 (9.1) | 9.8 (8.5) | 7.6 (4.6) |
| | Baseline number of teeth | 1–10 | 1.1% | 1.6% | 1.8% | | 11–16 | 2.7% | 4.5% | 6.1% | | 17–24 | 33.9% | 44.0% | 51.8% | | 25–32 | 62.3% | 49.8% | 40.4% |
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