Longitudinal Association between Periodontitis and the Risk of Hypertension

Table 3

Multivariable-adjusted associations (incidence rate ratios) relating periodontitis with the development of hypertension and combined prehypertension/hypertension.

	Hypertension			Prehypertension/hypertension
	IRR	95 (%) CI	P	IRR	95 (%) CI	P
Periodontitis^+
None	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
Mild	1.68	0.87–3.25	0.12	1.13	0.68–1.87	0.22
Moderate	0.68	0.39–1.20	0.19	0.94	0.65–1.34	0.10
Severe	1.02	0.54–1.95	0.95	1.47	1.01–2.17	0.04
Mean PD	1.03	0.79–1.35	0.82	1.19	0.90–1.42	0.09
Mean CAL	0.94	0.79–1.50	0.51	0.99	0.87–1.36	0.24
Number of teeth at baseline
25–32	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
17–24	0.82	0.54–1.25	0.35	0.89	0.71–1.22	0.29
11–16	0.95	0.37–2.49	0.92	0.94	0.87–1.40	0.78
1–10	1.08	0.26–4.57	0.91	1.11	0.99–2.68	0.87

Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, family history of hypertension, diabetes, waist circumference, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. ⁺Severe periodontitis was defined as having two or more interproximal sites with CAL ≥ 6 mm and at least one interproximal site with PD ≥ 5 mm. Moderate periodontitis was defined as having two or more interproximal sites with CAL ≥ 4 mm or two or more interproximal sites with PD ≥ 5 mm. Mild periodontitis was defined as having at least two interproximal sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm, at least two interproximal sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm, and at least two interproximal sites with PD ≥ 5 mm. Bold values denotes statistically significant at .