Longitudinal Association between Periodontitis and the Risk of Hypertension
Table 4
Incidence rate ratios relating periodontitis and incidence of hypertension during the follow-up period within subgroups defined by baseline characteristics.
Subgroups
N
IRR+ (95% CI)
Mild periodontitis
Moderate periodontitis
Severe periodontitis
Age
<55
424
1.41 (0.70, 2.86)
0.56 (0.29, 1.08)
0.71 (0.32, 1.59)
≥55
116
3.77 (0.32, 4.51)
1.58 (0.57, 4.38)
(1.40, 14.22)
Sex
Male
119
2.57 (0.50, 13.29)
0.36 (0.10, 1.37)
0.53 (0.07, 4.28)
Female
421
1.12 (0.49, 2.57)
0.67 (0.37, 1.22)
1.07 (0.53, 2.18)
Smoking
Never
332
0.86 (0.28, 2.71)
0.46 (0.20, 1.03)
1.10 (0.48, 2.52)
Ever
208
2.17 (0.75, 6.27)
0.91 (0.33, 2.47)
0.79 (0.27, 2.26)
Physical activity
No
245
0.99 (0.29, 3.60)
0.77 (0.34, 1.76)
1.05 (0.37, 3.03)
Yes
295
(1.20, 5.50)
0.56 (0.23, 1.41)
0.92 (0.35, 2.40)
BMI
Overweight
232
1.61 (0.53, 4.88)
0.49 (0.18, 1.34)
0.50 (0.10, 2.43)
Obese
308
(1.08, 5.50)
0.92 (0.47, 1.79)
1.65 (0.78, 3.51)
Antihypertensive medication use
No
521
1.59 (0.72, 3.48)
0.70 (0.36, 1.38)
0.88 (0.41, 1.86)
Yes
19
0.70 (0.43, 1.14)
0.69 (0.42, 1.14)
1.53 (0.73, 3.21)
Alcohol consumption
Not current
297
2.37 (0.99, 5.63)
0.85 (0.41, 1.78)
0.70 (0.20, 2.51)
Current
243
1.26 (0.45, 3.38)
0.46 (0.20, 1.08)
1.08 (0.47, 2.49)
+Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, diabetes, and family history of hypertension. Statistically significant at 0.05 level.
