The Effect of Patency Files on Apical Canal Anatomy Using SEM Imaging

Figure 1

Four SEM images of the apical canal anatomy. Top SEM images (a: at 40x magnification and b: at 250x magnification) are of the canal after a #20 hand file was patent. Bottom SEM images (c: at 100x magnification and d: at 250x magnification) are of the #25 hand file fitting snuggly.

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