Efficacy of Different Irrigant Activation Systems on Debris and Smear Layer Removal: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation

Table 2

Differences in remaining debris between irrigation/activation methods in the apical third of the canal (p values).

	Eddy	Endosonic	Irrisafe	Needle
Eddy	—	NS	NS	<0.001
Endosonic	NS	—	NS	0.002
Irrisafe	NS	NS	—	<0.001
Needle	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	—

Needle: Syringe and needle irrigation with no additional activation. NS: p value > 0.05.