Prevalence of Maxillary and Mandibular Frenal Attachment and Its Association with Age, Gender, and Oral Hygiene Status in Nepalese Population Seeking Dental Treatment

Table 3

Distribution of frenal attachment in maxilla and mandible based on gender.

Prevalence of frenal attachment according to Mirko’s classification
Types of frenum	Maxillary frenal attachment		p-Value	Mandibular frenal attachment		p-Value
	Male	Female	0.033	Male	Female	≤0.001
Mucosal	35 (19.60)	36 (17.90)		124 (69.30)	101 (50.20)
Gingival	106 (59.20)	142 (70.60)		55 (30.80)	100 (49.80)
Papillary	28 (15.60)	15 (7.00)		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
Papillary penetrating	10 (5.60)	9 (4.50)		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
Total				179	201
Prevalence of frenal attachment morphology according to Sewerin’s classification
Normal frenum	111	120	0.296	161	197	0.002
Persistent tectolabial frenum	5	5		0	0
Frenum with appendix	18	14		0	0
Frenum with nodule	44	57		0	0
Duplication of frenum	1	0		17	3
Recess of frenum	0	2		0	0
Bifid frenum	0	3		1	1
Total

χ²-test, is significant.