|
| Authors | Country | Study type | Study design | No. of patients | No. of implants | TiO2 coating technique | Prosthesis type | Soft tissue analysis | Exposure time |
|
| Glauser et al. [47] | Switzerland | NA | NA | 5 pt | 12 Screw-shaped one-piece mini-implant, 2.3 mm × 10 mm (four test four ctr four acid etched) | Micro arc oxidation
oxidized and micro—porous TiO2 layer | 4 mm cylindrical abutment portion in contact with the soft tissue | (i) Clinical observation
(ii) Peri-implant soft tissue barrier (qualitative and quantitative scoring analysis:
(iii) Histological analysis
(iv) Histomorphometric analysis | 8 weeks |
|
| Schupbach and Glauser [48] | Switzerland | nonrandomized | Implants placed in sequence and/or bilaterally. | 5 pt | 12 Screw-shaped one-piece mini-implants (Nobel Biocare AB), 2.3 mm × 10 mm. (four test four ctr four acid etched) | oxidized and micro—porous TiO2 layer | 4 mm cylindrical abutment portion in contact with the soft tissue | (i) Structural and ultrastructural features of the interface between transmucosal implants and surrounding tissues
(ii) Histological analysis
(iii) SEM | 8 weeks |
|
| Wennerberg et al. [41] | Sweden & Finland | Randomized allocation | Split mouth | 15 pt | 30 experimental micro implants 10 and 13 mm long, × 2.2 mm width), (15 test; 15 ctr) | Sol–gel derived TiO2 (MetAlive®, Vivoxid Ltd., Turku, Finland).
Coating thickness = 380 nm
Ra (TiO2 coating) = 0.88 nm | Abutment part 3.4 mm and 6.4 mm long | (i) Clinical investigation
(ii) Histological analysis | 14 weeks |
|
| Göthberg et al. [42] | Sweden | Randomized allocation | Controlled parallel | 50 pt | 150 Brånemark TiUnite implants (Nobel Biocare AB) (62 test; 64 ctr) | Oxidized (TiUnite) | Three-unit fixed prosthesis connected directly at implant level or via machined abutment or an oxidized abutment (TiUnite) | (i) Soft tissue height coronal from the abutment platform to the mucosal margin
(ii) Plaque index (PI)
(iii) Peri-implant probing pocket depth (PPD)
(iv) Bleeding on probing (BoP) | 2 days, 2 and 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 1, 3, and 5 years. |
|
| Raes et al. [43] | Belgium | Randomized allocation | Split mouth | 18 patients with a history of severe periodontitis | 84 Brånemark MK III (Nobel Biocare AB) (42 test; 42 ctr) | Oxidized (TiUnite) | Full arch fixed or overdenture with machined or oxidized (TiUnite) abutments | (i) Probing pocket depth (PPD),
(ii) Clinical attachment level (CAL),
(iii) Bleeding on probing (BoP),
(iv) Microbiological analysis | 1, 3, 5 years |
| Hall et al.[44] | Sweden | Randomized allocation | Split mouth | 35 pt | 70 Brånemark Mk III or Mk IV, (TiUnite, Nobel Biocare AB) (35 test; 35 ctr) | Nanostructured anodized coating thickness = 100 nm
Ra = 0.2 μm | abutments with anodized or machined surface | (i) Soft tissue assessments:
(ii) Bleeding on probing(BoP)
(iii) Height of keratinized mucosa
(iv) Redness and swelling
(v) Plaque accumulation
(vi) Peri-implant probing depth(PPD)
(vii) Gene expression analysis by qPCR | 6-week, 6-month, and 2-year |
|
| Dib-Zaitum et al. [45] | Spain | Randomized allocation | Split mouth | 10 pt | 40 endosseous implants (IPX−4010_Galimplant) (20 anodized, 20 machined) | Anodized | Transepithelial abutments with anodized or machined surfaces | (i) Clinical measurement
(ii) Histological parameter
(iii) Histomorphometric analysis | 8 weeks |
|
| Farrag and khamis [46] | Egypt | Randomized allocation | Split mouth | 30 pt | 60 Screw bone-level implants (Dentium)(30 test; 30 ctr) | Anodized | cement-retained crowns on anodized or non-anodized abutments | (i) Clinical parameters:
(ii) Peri-implant probing depth (PPD)
(iii) Soft tissue recession
(iv) Modified sulcus bleeding index
(v) Modified plaque index
(vi) Modified gingival index | At insertion (baseline), 3, 6, 12 and 18 months |
|
