The Trends and Risk Factors of AIDS-Defining Cancers and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers in Adults Living with and without HIV: A Narrative Review
Table 3
Risk factors associated with cancer incidence and mortality among PLHIV.
Risks for cancer incidence ( studies)
HIV infection/longer duration with HIV infection
Opportunistic infections
Increasing age/ years/ years
Low CD4//
Lack of viral load suppression
Male gender
Smoking/tobacco use
Clinical AIDS comorbidity
Cancer history
Absence of ART
Any cancer
2 (13.3%)
—
3 (20%)
2 (13.3%)
—
1 (6.7%)
1 (6.7%)
1 (6.7%)
—
1 (6.7%)
ADCs
—
1 (6.7%)
—
3 (20.0%)
1 (6.7%)
—
—
—
1 (6.7%)
—
NADCs
2 (13.3%)
—
5 (33.3%)
3 (20.0%)
—
1 (6.7%)
1 (6.7%)
—
—
1 (6.7%)
Risks for cancer mortality ( studies)
Poor immune status
Lack of cancer treatment
Cancer staging 3 or 4/cancer progression/relapse
Increasing age//>50/>55 years
Nadir /
Failure to suppress HIV RNA/viral
Time since HIV infection (>5 years)
Previous AIDS/AIDS comorbidity
Not on ART
Male gender
Any cancer
1 (14.2%)
1 (14.2%)
1 (14.2%)
2 (28.6%)
—
2 (28.6%)
1 (14.2%)
1 (14.2%)
ADCs
—
—
—
—
2 (28.6%)
—
—
—
—
1 (14.2%)
NADCs
—
—
1 (14.2%)
2 (28.6%)
2 (28.6%)
—
1 (14.2%)
2 (28.6%)
—
—
Same study. PLHIV: people living with HIV; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; RNA: ribonucleic acid; ADCs: AIDS-defining cancers; NADCs: non-AIDS-defining cancers; ART: antiretroviral therapy.
