Exploring Natural Alternatives to Nitrites in Pork Meat Patty: A Study on the Effects of Gromwell Root Extract and Lettuce Powder as Substitutes

Table 3

pH, WHC, and CL for patties with gromwell root extract and lettuce powder.

Treatments^1)	pH	WHC (%)	CL (%)
Control	5.66 ± 0.02^d	48.50 ± 3.02^b	27.90 ± 0.60^a
Positive control	5.60 ± 0.01^e	50.63 ± 1.31^ab	28.00 ± 1.36^a
T1	5.73 ± 0.01^a	53.98 ± 3.45^a	22.91 ± 2.25^b
T2	5.71 ± 0.00^b	54.09 ± 1.48^a	28.01 ± 1.45^a
T3	5.68 ± 0.01^c	51.90 ± 2.35^a	23.64 ± 1.98^b

^a-eThere is a significant difference between values within the same column that have different superscripts, based on their means ± standard deviations (). ¹⁾Control, no addition; positive control, addition of ; T1, 0.3% gromwell root extract; T2, 0.1% lettuce powder; T3, .