Development of an Improved Steamer for Optimum Retention of Carotenoids in Attiéké Produced from Biofortified Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Roots

Table 2

Data on the traditional and pilot steamer’s fuel consumption, water usage, and cooking time.

Parameter	Pilot steamer (charcoal) sample 1 (kg)	Traditional steamer (wood) sample 1 (kg)	Pilot steamer (charcoal) sample 2 (kg)	Traditional steamer (wood) sample 2 (kg)	Pilot steamer (charcoal) sample 3 (kg)	Traditional steamer (wood) sample 3 (kg)
The initial mass of fuel (kg)	11.306	15.006	10.306	13.000	10.000	12.000
The final mass of fuel (kg)	8.006	8.700	7.106	6.010	6.010	4.020
The initial mass of water (kg)	36.014	36.014	35.020	35.000	34.000	34.000
The final mass of water (kg)	35.054	34.012	34.120	34.010	33.010	32.080
The initial mass of attiéké mash (kg)	15.000	15.000	15.000	9.000	7.000	7.000
The final mass of attiéké (kg)	15.900	15.850	15.850	9.800	8.000	8.010
Steaming time (min)	15	30	12	25	10	27
Total time taken (min)	70	105	60	90	60	92
The initial water temperature before boiling (°C)	30	29	31	30	32	31
The final water temperature after boiling before steaming (°C)	100	100	102	101	102	101