Influence of Glow Discharge Plasma Treatment on Cashew Apple Juice’s Aroma Profile and Volatile Compounds

Table 1

Cashew apple juice volatile compounds with their residence time, Kovats index, odor threshold in water, and aroma descriptors.

Residence time (min)	Kovats index	Volatile compound	Class	Odor threshold in water (mg/L)	Odor descriptor
3.18	699	Ethyl acetate	Ester	25.00	Ethereal
4.20	719	Acetic acid	Acid	25.59	Acidic
5.05	735	3-Amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid	Acid	—	—
5.60	746	3-Methyl-1-butanol	Alcohol	0.410	Fermented
6.45	762	Toluene	Aromatic	0.330	Sweet
7.45	781	Hexanal	Aldehyde	0.005	Green
7.76	787	Ethyl butanoate	Ester	0.020	Fruity
8.16	794	2,3-Butanediol	Alcohol	150.0	Creamy
9.37	818	Ethyl 2-butenoate	Ester	—	—
10.05	831	Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate	Ester	0.003	Fruity
10.95	848	1-Hexanol	Alcohol	2.50	Herbal
11.57	860	Styrene	Aromatic	0.730	Balsamic
13.28	892	Methoxy-phenyl-oxime	Oxime	—	—
14.36	913	Ethyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate	Ester	0.065	Fruity
15.66	938	Ethyl 3-methylpentenoate	Ester	0.001	Fruity
16.55	955	Vanillic acid	Acid	—	—
17.88	980	Octanal	Aldehyde	0.007	Aldehydic
17.97	982	Ethyl hexanoate	Ester	0.001	Fruity
18.53	993	2-Methypropyl 3-methylbutanoate	Ester	—	—
18.91	1000	Decane	Alkane	10.0	—
19.96	1020	Unknown	—	—	—
20.32	1027	Ethyl 2-hexenoate	Ester	0.00014	Fruity
20.55	1031	Limonene	Terpene	1.040	Citrus
20.72	1035	Acetophenone	Ketone	0.800	Floral
21.12	1042	1-Octanol	Alcohol	0.875	Waxy
21.30	1046	Ethyl 2-hydroxyhexanoate	Ester	51.4	Floral
23.39	1086	Nonanal	Aldehyde	0.001	Aldehydic
23.76	1093	3-Methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate	Ester	0.020	Fruity
24.14	1100	Undecane	Alkane	—	—
24.52	1110	Methyl octanoate	Ester	0.200	Fruity
24.73	1116	p-Dimethylstyrene	Aromatic	0.530	Phenolic
24.81	1118	Butyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate	Ester	—	—
24.94	1121	Alloocimene	Hydrocarbon	0.140	Floral
25.06	1124	2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	Acid	—	—
25.40	1134	Pentyl 3-methylbutanoate	Ester	—	—
25.67	1141	2-Methylpropyl hexanoate	Ester	0.020	Fruity
25.93	1148	Ethyl benzoate	Ester	0.150	Minty
26.47	1162	Nonanol	Alcohol	1.000	Floral
27.11	1179	3-Methylbutyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate	Ester	—	—
27.29	1184	Ethyl octanoate	Ester	0.005	Waxy
27.41	1187	Decanal	Aldehyde	0.030	Aldehydic
27.90	1200	Dodecane	Alkane	2.140	Alkane
28.20	1213	Ethyl phenylacetate	Ester	0.650	Floral
28.30	1217	Vanillic acid	Acid	—	—
28.53	1227	Ethyl 2-octenoate	Ester	—	—
28.75	1236	3-Methylbutyl hexanoate	Ester	0.032	Fruity
28.86	1241	2-Decenal	Aldehyde	0.0004	Fatty
28.94	1244	g-Octalactone	Lactone	0.007	Coconut
29.19	1255	Ethyl 6-methyl-2,4-heptadienoate	Ester	—	—
29.25	1257	Nonanoic acid	Acid	3.00	Waxy
29.82	1282	Ethyl nonanoate	Ester	12.0	Waxy
30.25	1300	Tridecane	Alkane
30.65	1322	Hydrocinnamic acid	Acid	5.00	Floral
30.89	1336	d-Elemene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
31.20	1353	Unknown	—	—	—
31.53	1371	Hexyl hexanoate	Ester	1.890	Fruity
31.65	1378	Copaene	Sesquiterpene	0.006	Woody
31.70	1381	Ethyl decanoate	Ester	0.122	Waxy
31.88	1391	b-Elemene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
32.05	1400	Tetradecane	Alkane	1.00	Waxy
32.19	1409	Unidentified aromatic	—	—	—
32.27	1414	Coumarin	Aromatic	0.034	Tonka
32.37	1421	Caryophyllene	Sesquiterpene	0.064	Spicy
32.55	1433	Geranylacetone	Ketone	6.40	Floral
32.60	1436	Ethyl cinnamate	Ester	0.001	Balsamic
32.71	1443	a-Bergamotene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
32.77	1447	e-Muurolene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
32.94	1459	a-Humulene	Sesquiterpene	0.120	Woody
33.20	1476	g-Muurolene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
33.29	1482	Germacrene D	Sesquiterpene	0.0012	Woody
33.45	1492	2,4-Di-tert-butyl phenol	Phenol	0.500	Phenolic
33.53	1497	9,11-Eremophiladiene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
33.57	1500	Pentadecane	Alkane	13000	Waxy
33.74	1513	g-Cadinene	Sesquiterpene	0.002	Woody
33.82	1519	b-Cadinene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
33.99	1532	d-Cadinene	Sesquiterpene	0.002	Herbal
34.05	1536	d-Caracolene	Sesquiterpene	—	—
34.46	1567	5-Dodecenoic acid	Acid	—	—
34.61	1578	Ethyl dodecanoate	Ester	3.50	Waxy
34.82	1594	Unknown	—	—	—
34.90	1600	Hexadecane	Alkane	13000	Chemical
35.17	1618	Methyl jasmonate	Ester	0.070	Floral
35.45	1642	g-Dodecalactone	Ketone	0.007	Fruity
35.60	1655	Dioctyl ether	Ether	—	—
36.34	1718	Methyl myristate	Ester	—	—
36.60	1741	Myristic acid	Acid	10.0	Waxy
36.67	1747	Ethyl myristate	Ester	0.180	Waxy
37.18	1791	2-Ethylhexyl salicylate	Ester	—	—
37.25	1797	Hexadecanal	Aldehyde	0.075	Cardboard
37.38	1809	Methyl pentadecanoate	Ester	—	—
37.45	1816	Unknown	—	—	—
37.56	1826	3-Methylbutyl dodecanoate	Ester	—	—
37.68	1838	Pentadecanoic acid	Acid	10.0	Waxy
38.10	1879	Homomenthyl salicylate	Ester	—	—
38.40	1908	Methyl palmitate	Ester	2.0	Waxy
38.52	1919	Palmitelaidic acid	Acid	—	—
38.76	1943	Palmitic acid	Acid	10.0	Waxy
39.08	1974	Ethyl palmitate	Ester	2.0	Waxy
39.59	2023	Unknown	—	—	—
40.44	2106	Methyl stearate	Ester	—	—
40.69	2130	Stearic acid	Acid	20.0	Waxy
40.77	2138	Ethyl oleate	Ester	—	—
40.88	2149	Unknown	—	—	—