Research Article
Influence of Glow Discharge Plasma Treatment on Cashew Apple Juice’s Aroma Profile and Volatile Compounds
Table 2
Mass fraction of volatile compounds in cashew apple juice subjected to plasma treatment.
| Residence time (min) | Volatile compound | Control | GP 10 mL/min 10 min | GP 10 mL/min 20 min | GP 20 mL/min 10 min | GP 20 mL/min 20 min | GP 30 mL/min 10 min | GP 30 mL/min 20 min |
| 3.18 | Ethyl acetate | 3.23 | 4.08 | 5.66 | 5.34 | 4.27 | 5.29 | 4.98 | 4.20 | Acetic acid | 1.43 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 1.20 | 5.05 | 3-Amino-2.3-dihydrobenzoic acid | 3.91 | 2.50 | 5.11 | 7.47 | 1.42 | 3.04 | 6.63 | 5.60 | 3-Methyl-1-butanol | 3.88 | 9.17 | 3.07 | 4.46 | 9.75 | 3.81 | 4.26 | 6.45 | Toluene | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.36 | 7.45 | Hexanal | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 7.76 | Ethyl butanoate | 1.15 | 0.82 | 1.33 | 1.31 | 1.61 | 1.18 | 1.23 | 8.16 | 2.3-Butanediol | 0.24 | 1.81 | 0.34 | 0.81 | 0.51 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 9.37 | Ethyl 2-butenoate | 5.04 | 5.61 | 5.52 | 6.45 | 6.12 | 6.18 | 6.35 | 10.05 | Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 11.67 | 11.42 | 13.66 | 12.82 | 13.37 | 14.88 | 13.45 | 10.95 | 1-Hexanol | 1.18 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.61 | 1.57 | 1.55 | 1.61 | 11.57 | Styrene | 32.50 | 29.28 | 35.40 | 28.76 | 32.58 | 36.66 | 29.15 | 13.28 | Methoxy-phenyl-oxime | 0.95 | 4.68 | 0.71 | 2.16 | 2.71 | 0.46 | 1.21 | 14.36 | Ethyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate | 3.31 | 3.75 | 4.27 | 4.17 | 4.18 | 4.51 | 4.12 | 15.66 | Ethyl 3-methylpentenoate | 0.86 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 0.91 | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.01 | 16.55 | Vanillic acid | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.99 | 0.80 | 0.55 | 0.94 | 17.88 | Octanal | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 17.97 | Ethyl hexanoate | 2.66 | 2.72 | 3.40 | 2.91 | 3.10 | 3.25 | 2.85 | 18.53 | 2-Methypropyl 3-methylbutanoate | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 18.91 | Decane | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 19.96 | Unknown | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.58 | 0.47 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.58 | 20.32 | Ethyl 2-hexenoate | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.59 | 20.55 | Limonene | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 20.72 | Acetophenone | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.56 | 0.90 | 21.12 | 1-Octanol | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.34 | 2.63 | 1.31 | 1.56 | 2.42 | 21.30 | Ethyl 2-hydroxyhexanoate | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 23.39 | Nonanal | 0.80 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 23.76 | 3-Methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 24.14 | Undecane | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 24.52 | Methyl octanoate | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 24.73 | p-Dimethylstyrene | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 24.81 | Butyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 24.94 | Alloocimene | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 25.06 | 2.5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 25.40 | Pentyl 3-methylbutanoate | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 25.67 | 2-Methylpropyl hexanoate | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 25.93 | Ethyl benzoate | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 26.47 | Nonanol | 1.86 | 2.39 | 2.15 | 2.39 | 2.07 | 2.17 | 2.30 | 27.11 | 3-Methylbutyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 27.29 | Ethyl octanoate | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.31 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.31 | 1.37 | 27.41 | Decanal | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 27.90 | Dodecane | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 28.20 | Ethyl phenylacetate | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 28.30 | Vanillic acid | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 28.53 | Ethyl 2-octenoate | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 28.75 | 3-Methylbutyl hexanoate | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 28.86 | 2-Decenal | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 28.94 | γ-Octalactone | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 29.19 | Ethyl 6-methyl-2.4-heptadienoate | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 29.25 | Nonanoic acid | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 29.82 | Ethyl nonanoate | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 30.25 | Tridecane | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 30.65 | Hydrocinnamic acid | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 30.89 | δ-Elemene | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 31.20 | Unknown | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 31.53 | Hexyl hexanoate | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 31.65 | Copaene | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 31.70 | Ethyl decanoate | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 31.88 | β-Elemene | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 32.05 | Tetradecane | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 32.19 | Unidentified aromatic | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 32.27 | Coumarin | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 32.37 | Caryophyllene | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 32.55 | Geranylacetone | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 32.60 | Ethyl cinnamate | 1.08 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.31 | 1.11 | 1.24 | 1.31 | 32.71 | α-Bergamotene | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 32.77 | ε-Muurolene | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 32.94 | α-Humulene | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 33.20 | γ-Muurolene | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 33.29 | Germacrene D | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 33.45 | 2.4-Di-tert-butyl phenol | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 33.53 | 9.11-Eremophiladiene | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 33.57 | Pentadecane | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 33.74 | γ-Cadinene | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 33.82 | β-Cadinene | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 33.99 | δ-Cadinene | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 34.05 | δ-Caracolene | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 34.46 | 5-Dodecenoic acid | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 34.61 | Ethyl dodecanoate | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 34.82 | Unknown | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 34.90 | Hexadecane | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 35.17 | Methyl jasmonate | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 35.45 | γ-Dodecalactone | 1.35 | 1.13 | 1.48 | 1.21 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.17 | 35.60 | Dioctyl ether | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 36.34 | Methyl myristate | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 36.60 | Myristic acid | 0.47 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 36.67 | Ethyl myristate | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 37.18 | 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 37.25 | Hexadecanal | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 37.38 | Methyl pentadecanoate | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 37.45 | Unknown | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 37.56 | 3-Methylbutyl dodecanoate | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 37.68 | Pentadecanoic acid | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 38.10 | Homomenthyl salicylate | 1.57 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 38.40 | Methyl palmitate | 0.28 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 38.52 | Palmitelaidic acid | 2.05 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 38.76 | Palmitic acid | 4.60 | 1.78 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 39.08 | Ethyl palmitate | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 39.59 | Unknown | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 40.44 | Methyl stearate | 1.19 | 0.53 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 40.69 | Stearic acid | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 40.77 | Ethyl oleate | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 40.88 | Unknown | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
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GP: glow discharge plasma.
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