Variations of Carotenoids, Total Bioactive Contents, and Antioxidant Activity in Leaves of Medicago polymorpha
Table 2
Variations in the composition of carotenoids and pigments in Medicago polymorpha from various regions.
Peak no.
Compound
Absorption maxima (nm)
Pigments and carotenoids (μg/g)
Lower Dir
Swat
Buner
Malakand
1
Phytoene
286
a
a
a
b
2
Phytofluene
329, 347, 366
a
b
c
c
3
All-E-neoxanthin
416, 440, 468
a
a
b
c
4
15-Hydroxy-lactone chlorophyll a
418, 614, 654
a
b
c
d
5
Pheophytin a
410, 508, 538, 610, 666
a
a
17.6 ± 0.2a
b
6
Pheophytin a
408, 508, 538, 610, 666
a
b
c
d
7
Pyropheophytin a
410, 610, 666
a
a
b
c
8
Divinyl chlorophyll a
408, 608, 666
a
b
b
b
9
All-E-violaxanthin
416, 440, 472
a
b
b
c
10
All-E-lutein
424, 448, 472
a
b
b
c
11
9-Z-Lutein
325, 418, 442, 468
a
b
b
c
12
9-Z-Lutein
330, 418, 440, 466
a
b
9.2 ± 0.3b
d
13
Chlorophyll b
462, 600, 648
a
b
c
d
14
Chlorophyll b
464, 600, 648
a
b
c
c
15
13-Hydroxy-lactone chlorophyll b
462, 600, 650
a
b
b
a
16
9-Z-Neoxanthin
412, 436, 464
a
b
c
a
17
Hydroxy pheophytin a
408, 504, 534, 610, 666
a
b
c
d
18
All-E-β-carotene
418, 452, 478
a
b
c
b
Total amounts
417.2
355.6
309.4
255.8
Violaxanthin-lutein (%)
73.6
46.3
47.2
51.7
Total carotenoids (%)
51.2
48.2
50.8
44.6
Total chlorophylls (%)
48.7
51.7
49.1
55.3
Values are means with standard deviation of triplicate readings. Different letters (a-d) in the same row represent significance among the samples at at Holm-Sidak method.
