A Simple-to-Use Nomogram for Predicting Postoperative Early Death Risk in Elderly Patients with Spinal Tumors: A Population-Based Study

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of elderly patients with spinal tumors.

Variables	Training cohort		Validation cohort
	N = 459		N = 192
	n	%	n	%
Age
45–59	184	40.1	77	40.1
60–74	275	59.9	115	59.9
Race
Black	12	2.6	7	3.6
White	422	91.9	177	92.2
Other	25	5.4	8	4.2
Sex
Male	281	61.2	123	64.1
Female	178	38.8	69	35.9
Grade
Grade I and II	132	28.8	52	27.1
Grade III and IV	88	19.1	38	19.8
Unknown	239	52.1	102	53.1
Stage
Localized	171	37.3	70	36.5
Regional	235	51.2	103	53.6
Distant	53	11.5	19	9.9
Histological type
Osteosarcoma	50	10.9	25	13.0
Chondrosarcoma	166	36.2	62	32.3
Chordoma	198	43.1	80	41.7
Other	45	9.9	25	13.0
Marital status
No	143	31.1	52	27.1
Yes	316	68.9	140	72.9
Radiotherapy
No	311	67.8	130	67.7
Yes	148	32.2	62	32.3
Chemotherapy
No	412	89.8	169	88.0
Yes	47	10.2	23	12.0
Year of diagnosis
1975–1984	35	7.6	14	7.3
1985–1994	72	15.7	26	13.5
1995–2004	100	21.8	58	30.2
2005–2015	252	54.9	96	50.0