Acute Exercise-Induced Response of Monocyte Subtypes in Chronic Heart and Renal Failure
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of subjects.
HS ()
CKD ()
CHF ()
value
Age (years)
43.5 ± 5.0
51.3 ± 15.6
51.2 ± 9.3
0.08
Gender (F/M)
6/9
12/8
7/13
0.25
Body mass index (kg/m2)
24.2 ± 2.3
26.1 ± 5.1
26.6 ± 3.8
0.18
Systolic BP (mmHg)
123 ± 13
122 + 13
102 ± 18
<0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
77 ± 9
77 ± 9
69 ± 10
<0.05
Biochemistry
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
99.0 ± 11.3
44.4 ± 19.7∗
88.7 ± 12.9
<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
172.7 ± 22.2
173.8 ± 24.1
178.3 ± 8.9
0.83
HDL (mg/dL)
58.9 ± 13.6
57.7 ± 18.8
46.8 ± 11.3
<0.05
LDL (mg/dL)
111.4 ± 34.8
98.4 ± 20.7
99.3 ± 24.7
0.32
Echocardiography
LVEF (%)
65 ± 0
62.9 ± 8.2
31.1 ± 10.6
<0.001
LVEDD (mm)
49.8 ± 4.4
47.8 ± 4.9
59.9 ± 13.2
<0.001
E/
9.2 ± 1.3
9.7 ± 2.4
17.4 ± 8.9
<0.001
RAP (mmHg)
5.4 ± 1.4
4.6 ± 1.1
6.5 ± 2.9
<0.001
Medication use
Beta-blockers (%)
/
35
100
<0.001
Diuretics (%)
/
15
70
<0.05
Acetylsalicylic acid (%)
/
5
40
<0.05
Statins (%)
/
55
50
0.5
ACE-inhibitors/ARB (%)
/
60
95
<0.05
CPET-derived parameters
RER
1.24 ± 0.11
1.38 ± 0.13∗
1.34 ± 0.12
<0.05
VO2peak (mL/kg/min)
37.40 ± 9.38
25.54 ± 7.54∗
22.19 ± 5.96∗
<0.001
% predicted VO2peak (%)
107 ± 22
84 ± 20∗
71 ± 13∗
<0.001
Maximal workload (Watt)
246 ± 85
152 ± 50∗
132 ± 49∗
<0.001
% predicted Wattmax (%)
123 ± 26
95 ± 29∗
81 ± 19∗
<0.001
VO2 at AT (mL/kg/min)
31.42 ± 8.14
24.96 ± 6.75
20.08 ± 6.36∗
0.001
Peak heart rate (bpm)
170 ± 14
154 ± 27
135 ± 21
<0.001
Peak systolic BP (mmHg)
189 ± 35
188 ± 21
137 ± 27
<0.001
Peak diastolic BP (mmHg)
80 ± 11
82 ± 16
73 ± 14
0.156
Work economy (Watt/(mL/kg/min))
6.8 ± 1.5
6.1 ± 1.3
5.9 ± 1.3
0.19
Circulatory power (mmHg·mLVO2/(kg/min))
7017 ± 2504
4828 ± 1669∗
3097 ± 1191
<0.001
VO2peak (seconds)
120 ± 45
176 ± 43∗
199 ± 32∗
<0.001
Exercise duration (sec)
749 ± 230
424 ± 130∗
447 ± 120∗
<0.001
Data are mean ± SD. value for comparison of groups (ANOVA). ∗Different from HS, . Different from CKD, . BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration ratio; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; RAP: right atrial pressure; RER: respiratory exchange ratio; VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake; VO2 at AT: oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold; VO2peak: VO2peak half-time; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
