Active Smoking Increases Microsomal PGE2-Synthase-1/PGE-Receptor-4 Axis in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of individuals with AAA included in the study, demographics, and risk factors.
Measurements characteristic
mRNA
Plasma levels
Number
89
79
Aortic diameter (mm)
Age (years)
Male
87 (97.8%)
75 (94.9%)
Diabetes mellitus
19 (21.3%)
21 (26.6%)
Hypertension
63 (70.8%)
60 (75.9%)
Hyperlipidemia
54 (60.7%)
51 (64.6%)
Smoking habits
Noncurrent smokers
63 (70.8%)
60 (75.9%)
Current smokers
26 (29.2%)
19 (24.1%)
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
20 (22.4%)
22 (27.9%)
Angor pectoris
2 (2.2%)
4 (5.1%)
Myocardial infarction
6 (6.7%)
6 (7.6%)
Coronary intervention/CABG
12 (13.5%)
12 (15.2%)
Chronic renal insufficiency
34 (38.2%)
23 (29.1%)
Dialysis
0
0
Peripheral vascular disease
48 (53.9%)
45 (57%)
Absence pulses
31 (34.8%)
30 (38%)
Intermittent claudication
17 (19.1%)
15 (19%)
Cerebrovascular disease
7 (7.9%)
7 (8.8%)
Cerebral vascular attack
4 (4.5%)
5 (6.3%)
Transient ischemic attack
3 (3.4%)
2 (2.5%)
COPD
26 (29.2%)
17 (21.5%)
Antiplatelet users
47 (53.4%)
48 (61.5%)
Statins users
57 (64%)
58 (73.4%)
ACEIs users
23 (20.7%)
24 (30.8%)
NSAD users
6 (6.7%)
3 (3.8%)
Corticoid users
6 (6.7%)
4 (5.1%)
Immunosuppressors
4 (3.5%)
2 (2.5%)
Nominal variables are presented as number and as percentage (%) and continuous variables as mean ± SD. Aortic diameter: aneurysm maximum transverse diameter in mm; chronic renal insufficiency: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2; noncurrent smokers: never smokers or quit smoking >1 year; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD: chronic occlusive pulmonary disease.
