CD226 rs763361 Is Associated with the Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes and Greater Frequency of GAD65 Autoantibody in a Brazilian Cohort

Table 1

Demographic and laboratory characteristics of T1D patients and controls.

Characteristics	T1D	Controls	𝑃
	Median ± SD or %	Median ± SD or %
European ancestry	81.35%	61.75%	<0.0001
Gender female	59.4%	38.4%	<0.0001
Age (years)	23.92±12.79	27.98±11.56	<0.01
Glucose (mg/dL)	189.24±115.54	83.2±39.3	<0.01
HbA1c^a (%)	8.59±2.19	5.32±0.5	<0.01
C peptide (ng/dL)	0.35±0.42	2.00±1.41	<0.0001
HLA DR3 or DR4 alleles	84.2%	39.3%	<0.0001
Years of disease	12.2±10.27	—	—
Autoantibodies positivity
Anti-GAD65^b	44.25%	1.4%	<0.0001
Anti-IA2^c	42.4%	1.9%	<0.0001
Anti-TPO^d	23.8%	12%	<0.0001
Anti-Tg^e	23.6%	7.25%	<0.0001
ANA^f	21.3%	3.8%	<0.0001
TRAb^g	7.25%	0.37%	<0.0001
Anti-gastric; Parietal cell	6.5%	0.5%	<0.0009
Anti-21; hydroxylase	5.3%	0.65%	0.0191
Anti-smooth; muscle	3.5%	0.8%	0.0855
Rheumatoid factor	2.9%	1.0%	0.1801
Anti-LKM-1^h	0.6%	0.4%	1.0000

^aHbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; ^bAntiGAD65: glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; ^cAnti-IA2: tyrosine phosphatase antibody; ^dAnti-TPO: anti- peroxidase antibody; ^eAnti-Tg: anti-thyroglobulin antibody; ^fANA: anti-nuclear antibodies; ^gTRAb: TSH receptor antibody; ^hAnti-LKM-1: anti-liver/kidney microsomal type 1 antibody. 𝑃 values were determined by chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, or Mann Whitney test, as appropriate. Critical 𝑃was corrected by Bonferroni method <0.002.