Regulation of Hemichannels and Gap Junction Channels by Cytokines in Antigen-Presenting Cells

Table 1

Effect of different cytokines on GJCs and HCs in different antigen-presenting cells.

Cytokine(s)	Cell type	Effect on Cx or Panx expression	Effect on GJCs, HCs and technique used
TNF-α	DCs	=Cx43 (Wb) [24]	=GJCs (DT) [24, 86]
		+MCL: Cx43 (Wb) [24]	+MCL ↑GJCs [24]
	Mo	NE	=GJCs (DT) [140]
	Microglia	Cx32 (FC) [187]	HCs (MR, DU) [187, 192]
		Cx43 (Wb) [192]	GJCs (SL) [192]
		+ATP: ↑Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96]	+LPS GJCs [196]
			=GJCs [96]; +ATP ↑GJCs (DT) [96]; +ATP HCs (DU) [96]
	Neutrophils	+CM: ↑Cx37, 40, 43 (Wb, IF) [217]	+CM ↑GJCs (DT) [217]
IL-1β	DCs	NE	=GJCs (DT) [86]
	Microglia	NE	=GJCs (DT) [96]
IFN-γ	DCs	=Cx43 (Wb) [87]	=GJCs (DT) [86]
			HCs (DU)
			+LPS GJCs [87]
	Mo	NE	=GJCs (DT) [140]
			+LPS GJCs [140]
	KCs	=Cx43 (RT, Wb) [168]	+LPS GJCs (DT, IF) [168]
	Microglia	NE	=GJCs (DT) [96]
IL-6	DCs	NE	=GJCs (DT) [86]
			HCs (DU)
	Microglia	NE	=GJCs (DT) [96]
RANKL	OCs	NE	GJCs? HCs? [178]
CXCL12	B cell	Cx43 Phosphorylation (Wb)	=HCs
RANKL/M-CSF	OCs	Cx43 (RT, Wb) [176]	GJCs (IF) [176]
IFN-γ/IL-6	DCs	ND	=HCs (DU)
TNF-α/IL-β	DCs	Cx43 (RT, Wb) [86]	GJCs (DT) [86]
	Microglia	Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96]	GJCs (DT) [96]
TNF-α/IFN-γ	DCs	ND	=GJCs (DT) [86]
	Mo	Cx43 (Wb) [140]	GJCs (DT, IF) [140]
	Microglia	Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96]	GJCs (DT) [96, 196]; HCs (DU) [96]
TNF-/IL-β/IFN-γ	DCs	Cx43 (RT, Wb) [86]	GJCs (DT) [86]
TNF-/IL-β/IL-6	DCs	NE	GJCs (DT) [86]
	Microglia	Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96]	GJCs (DT) [96]; HCs (DU) [96]
TNF-/IFN-/IL-6	DCs	NE	GJCs (DT)
	Microglia	Cx43, Panx1 (Wb) [96]	GJCs (DT) [96]; HCs (DU) [96]
TNF-/IL-1/IFN-/IL-6	DCs	NE	↓GJCs (DT) [86]

CM: conditioned medium, DCs: dendritic cells, DT: dye transfer, DU: dye uptake, FC: flow cytometry, IF: immunofluorescence, KCs: Kupffer cells, LPS: bacterial lipopolysaccharide, MCL: melanoma cell lysate, Mo: monocyte, NE: not evaluated, OCs: osteoclasts, RT: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, SL: scrape loading, and Wb: Western blot. Effect on HC or GJC activity: no effect (=), upregulation (↑), and downregulation of induced activity (↓).