Rapamycin Attenuated Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Isoproterenol and Maintained Energy Homeostasis via Inhibiting NF-κB Activation

Figure 3

NF-κB participates in the role of Rapa in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines release and gene expressions in cardiomyocytes ((a), (b), and (c)) ELISA was used to determine the release of IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF-α into the cultured medium. (d) Real-time PCR analysis was performed to quantify the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. The mRNA was prepared and normalized to β-actin gene. 𝑛=3 experiments in duplicate. Error bars, SD. ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus control group; ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus control group; ^#𝑃<0.05 versus model group; and ^##𝑃<0.01 versus model group.

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