Rapid Exercise-Induced Mobilization of Dendritic Cells Is Potentially Mediated by a Flt3L- and MMP-9-Dependent Process in Multiple Sclerosis

Figure 1

Leukocyte counts are increased upon physical exercise. Enumeration of the absolute number of immune cells was done by means of a double platform method using an automated cell counter and flow cytometry in healthy controls (green dots) and MS patients (red dots). Results are shown as mean absolute number ± SEM. Significance () in the complete population of both patients and controls is annotated by black lines, while green and red lines annotate significance in controls and patients, respectively. Abbreviations used are as follows: MS: multiple sclerosis; cDC: conventional dendritic cells; pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cells; Treg: regulatory T-cell; FoxP3: forkhead box P3; IL: interleukin; Tr1: type 1 regulatory T-cell; TGF: transforming growth factor; Th3: T helper type 3 cell; before: measurement before the exercise test; after: measurement immediately after the test; 2 h: measurement 2 hours after the test; and SEM: standard error of the mean.