Rapid Exercise-Induced Mobilization of Dendritic Cells Is Potentially Mediated by a Flt3L- and MMP-9-Dependent Process in Multiple Sclerosis

Figure 4

Decreased activation state of DC upon TLR stimulation after one exercise bout in healthy controls (white bars) and MS patients (grey bars). MFI of CD86 and HLA-DR expression on cDC and pDC after LPS and IFN-γ or IQ stimulation, respectively, was measured using flow cytometry. Mean fold changes are calculated as the ratio between the MFI in the stimulated condition and the nonstimulated condition. Then, % changes after exercise and after 2 hours of rest with respect to the baseline value are calculated. Results are shown as mean % change ± SEM. for the difference between results before and after the test. # indicates a significant effect between before and 2 hours after the test. § indicates a significant effect between after and 2 hours after the test. Abbreviations used are as follows: cDC: conventional dendritic cells; pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cells; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; IFN: interferon; IQ: imiquimod; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; after: measurement immediately after the test; 2 h: measurement 2 hours after the test; and SEM: standard error of the mean.