Relation of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress with Hypertension Occurrence in Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of lone AF patients and healthy controls.
Baseline characteristics
AF patients
SR controls
value
Age (years)
48.6 ± 11.5 (range: 27–65 years)
49.7 ± 9.3 (range: 30–66 years)
0.599
Sex (male)
37 (74.0)
32 (72.7)
0.115
Paroxysmal AF
34 (68.0)
—
—
Newly diagnosed AF
25 (50.0)
—
—
Time since AF diagnosis (months)
36.0 (12.0–108.0)
—
—
Current smokers
9 (18)
10 (22.7)
0.614
Moderate alcohol intake
11 (22.0)
9 (20.4)
0.344
Systolic BP (mmHg)
120.8 ± 10.0
118.5 ± 9.8
0.257
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
75.8 ± 5.5
75.0 ± 7.8
0.593
Heart rate (beats per minute)
64.5 ± 14.3
70.7 ± 7.4
0.106
BMI (kg/m2)
25.6 ± 3.5
23.8 ± 2.22
0.011
Biochemical parameters
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)
4.8 ± 0.5
4.6 ± 0.5
0.178
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
5.8 ± 1.2
5.8 ± 1.2
0.788
Serum creatinine (µmol/L)
82.8 ± 15.5
87.4 ± 12.1
0.117
Uric acid (mmol/L)
292.9 ± 67.2
306.7 ± 58.3
0.244
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.7 ± 1.1
5.7 ± 0.8
0.926
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.1 ± 0.2
1.1 ± 0.3
0.293
LDL-C (mmol/L)
3.8 ± 0.8
3.9 ± 1.0
0.559
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.7 ± 0.7
1.8 ± 0.6
0.389
BNP (pg/mL)
68 (51–132)
59 (45–124)
0.788
Fibrinogen (g/L)
3.3 ± 0.6
3.0 ± 0.8
0.018
D-dimer (mg/L)
0.244 (0.193–0.313)
0.235 (0.171–0.298)
0.634
Plasma biomarkers
CRP (mg/L)
1.2 (0.7–1.9)
1.1 (0.7–1.6)
0.030
oxLDL (U/L)
66.3 ± 21.2
57.1 ± 14.6
0.017
Echocardiographic parameters
LA anteroposterior diameter (mm)
39.1 ± 6.2
37.2 ± 5.7
0.114
LA volume index (mL/m2)
25.7 ± 6.8
24.2 ± 4.8
0.234
LV end-diastolic dimension (mm)
51.3 ± 4.2
50.8 ± 3.2
0.766
LV end-systolic dimension (mm)
33.0 ± 3.5
31.3 ± 2.9
0.311
LV mass index (g/m2)
73.6 ± 13.1
72.8 ± 14.1
0.421
LVEF (%)
63.6 ± 4.9
64.1 ± 4.7
0.544
Medical therapy
Beta-blockers
15 (30.0)
—
—
Non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonists
3 (6.0)
—
—
Digoxin
2 (4.0)
—
—
Propafenone
20 (40.0)
—
—
Sotalol
5 (10.0)
—
—
Amiodarone
18 (36.0)
—
—
Data are presented as (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median with interquartile range; AF: atrial fibrillation; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein; oxLDL: oxidized low density lipoprotein; LA: left atrial; LV: left ventricular; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.
